球床堆在空间核动力系统中的应用  

Application of Pellet Bed Reactor in Space Nuclear Power System

作　　者：游尔胜[1] 石磊[1] 郑艳华[1] 张作义[1] 

机构地区：[1]清华大学核能与新能源技术研究院,先进核能技术协同创新中心,先进反应堆工程与安全教育部重点实验室,北京100084

出　　处：《原子能科学技术》2015年第B05期75-80,共6页Atomic Energy Science and Technology

基　　金：国家科技重大专项资助项目(ZX069)

摘　　要：球床堆以高温气冷堆技术为基础,采用TRISO型包覆燃料颗粒,堆芯出口温度不受常规燃料元件包壳和冷却剂相变等因素限制,是一种理想的超高温空间热源。根据具体的空间核能需求,气体冷却剂可选用氢气或氦、氙惰性气体,其中氢气由于摩尔质量小、比冲大等特点,一般用在核热推进中。本文重点关注空间核电源及核电推进方面的应用,在调研国外空间核动力系统研究进展的基础上,对球床堆的概念设计方案、技术特点、堆芯结构布置、能量转换系统等进行简要介绍。结果表明,球床堆结合气体布雷顿循环可满足空间MW级电力需求,且系统比功率可达100 We/kg以上,具有明显的经济竞争优势,在空间技术应用中具有广阔的发展前景。Pellet bed reactor （PeBR） using TRISO coated fuel particles, which is based on the technology of high temperature gas-cooled reactor, is an ideal space heat source. Without the limitations of normal fuel element cladding temperature and phase change, the outlet coolant can reach very high temperature. According to the specific space power requirements, gas coolant can choose hydrogen or inert gases such as helium and xenon. Considering its small molar mass and high specific impulse, hydrogen is usually used in nuclear thermal propulsion. Based on investigating the development of current space nuclear power systems, the applications in space nuclear power and nuclear electric propulsion are focus points in the paper. The aspects of conceptual designs, technical characteristics, and structure arrangement of the core and energy conversion system for pellet bed reactor were introduced briefly. Results indicate that pellet bed reactor coupled with Brayton cycle is suitable for megawatt power demands and specific power of the system can surpass 100 We/kg with obvious economic advantage, which has broad development prospects in the application of space technology.

关 键 词：球床堆 核动力系统 概念设计 空间应用 

分 类 号：TL99[核科学技术—核技术及应用]