丝路重镇:唐宋之际的于阗坎城——媲摩绿洲演变并六城问题辨析  

Silk-Road Town: Khotan Kingdom in Tang and Song Dynasties——Evolution of Pimo Oasis and Analysis in Six-City Problem

作　　者：殷晴[1] 

机构地区：[1]新疆社会科学院,新疆乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《新疆师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2015年第2期57-67,共11页Journal of Xinjiang Normal University(Philosophy and Social Sciences)

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目"新疆经济开发史"的成果

摘　　要：文本利用出土文书,结合实地考察和文献资料,探讨和田地区绿洲演变的历史轨迹和唐宋之际坎城的相关问题。汉代于阗兼并扜弥成为南道上的绿洲大国。唐于阗东境坎城地区位于原扜弥南侧的媲摩绿洲。坎城原称捍广女林,5世纪后系丝路南道重镇,市场活跃,棉纺丝织,远近驰名。中外商旅特别是汉地行人多驻足于此。唐代于阗地析十州,以坎城为中心的一州之地,东抵尼壤,北控神山,西接于阗市城一带,南与卢州相连。五代时于阗国地依旧,坎城或绀城称为绀州。唐坎城地扼军事通道——神山道,有坎城镇设置,为汉军守捉使驻地,或有汉城之称。本地百姓多聚居于附近的质逻六城(村),此系州刺史治所所在,作为州的行政首府,六城亦为州名的通称。由于干旱缺水,生态脆弱,加之不断战乱,媲摩绿洲逐渐退缩,11世纪后,东南沿河的克里雅绿洲代而兴起。The essay writer, using unearthed official documents, probes into the historical traces of oasis evolution inKhotan prefecture and problems related to Khotan Kingdom in Tang and Song Dynasties. In the Hun Dynasty, Khotan mergedYumi into a oasis state on the southern route of the Silk Road. During the Tang Dynasty, Khotan Kingdom in its east islocated in Pimo Oasis to the south of the former Yumi state. Khotan, formerly called Hun, was a key town on southern routeof the Silk Road, with lively market and well-known cotton and silk weaving and spinning craft, where Chinese and foreigntraveling traders, especially travelers from Hun-inhabited land, would stay. During the Tang Dynasty, Khotan was divided into10 prefectures, one of which was a prefecture neighbored on Nirang in the east, Shengshan in the north, Khotan urbandistrict in the west and Luzhou prefecture in the south. In the Five .Dynasties, Khotan Kingdom stands as what it used to,which was named Gun otherwise known as Ganzhou prefecture. During the Tang Dynasty, the land commanded a militarypassage Shengshan Passage, a town under the Kingdom, where Han army soldiers used to station or known as Han town.The locals mostly resided nearby Zhiluo six villages, where local official dispatched from imperial court stationed. As a resultof less rainfall with drought, fragile eco-system and incessant warfare, Pimo oasis got to shrink. After the llth century, TheKeriya oasis rose instead on the rover shore.

关 键 词：丝路文化 于阗 扜弥 捍广女林 媲摩 坎城 六城 一名多义 环境演变 

分 类 号：K2[历史地理—历史学]