从古典山水画功能出发研究当代园林设计方法  

A Study of Modern Landscape Design Based on Functions of Classical Landscape Paintings

作　　者：徐思婧[1] 陈凡[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学园林学院 [2]云南师范大学旅游与地理学院

出　　处：《南京林业大学学报（人文社会科学版）》2015年第1期98-105,共8页Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Humanities and Social Sciences Edition)

摘　　要：把现代工业设计理论带入到古典山水画理论中进行解析,即以功能、方法、材料为线索对山水画创作进行整理。笔者先从魏晋南北朝至清代的山水画理论中整理出山水画的创作意图,进而总结出山水画的功能。其中,魏晋南北朝时期以"悟道而乐"、"借景抒情"为特点;隋唐时期风格多样,文化气息浓厚;两宋时期尤为注重真情实感的表达,将山水画视为个人文化修养水平的体现;元代山水画成为文人抒发情思的特殊语言;明代山水画理论和技法都得到了系统整理;清代注重绘画技巧的总结与发展,还结合西洋绘画方法进行了对比性的研究和总结。通过对各个时期的山水画理论总结发现,古典山水画创作中有四项基本功能值得当代园林艺术创作借鉴,它们分别是引导人们观察自然、从中学习自然规律和提高认知水平的功能;表达生活理念和情感的功能;陶冶情操的功能;倡导理想人居环境的功能。这些功能带有鲜明的中国传统文化特色,把这些功能带入到当代园林设计过程中,会产生带有鲜明传统特色的设计方法和成果。以实现这些功能为目标,进一步探索实现这些目标的关键点,将这些关键点转化为园林艺术可操作的要素,再运用园林设计方法去组织这些要素,这样得到的艺术成果将具有典型的东方传统文化特征,而形式不会受限于任何时代或风格。这就是由古典山水画艺术指导下的属于当代的园林艺术创作。The introduction of modern design theories to the study of classical landscape painting means to make a research on the paintings from the perspectives of functions, methods and materials. The author summarizes the landscape painting theories from the Jin Dynasty to the Qing Dynasty before generalizing the functions of painting. The main characteristics of paintings in the Jin Dynasty and the Northern and Southern Dynasties were emotion expression. There were more styles than ever before in paintings of the Sui and the Tang Dynasties, and they were culturally rich. In the Northern and the Southern Song Dynasties, attention was paid to the expression of true feelings, and the landscape paintings revealed painters＂ cultural accomplishment. The landscape paintings of the Yuan Dynasty became a unique language to express emotions. The theories and methods of landscape painting in Ming Dynasty were both well developed and painting skills were updated much further. Painters in the Qing Dynasty paid much attention to skills, and did a lot of comparative researches between the national and the western painting theories and methods. From the study of landscape painting history, four basic functions of distinctive Chinese culture can be found valuable for modern landscape design. First, it leads people closer to nature and guides people to learn from the law of nature so as to improve people＇s cognition. Second, it expresses ideas and emotions of people. Third, it cultivates modern landscape people. The last, it improves living environment of people. The application of these functions to design will lead to design of Chinese traditional characteristic. The paper explores the keys and approaches to fulfilling these functions in landscape design. Therefore, the design, the modern way of creation under tile guidance of classical landscape paintings, will present the typical characteristics of traditional oriental culture without being limited to any dynasty or style

关 键 词：山水画理论 创作目的 功能 设计要素 

分 类 号：TU986.2[建筑科学—城市规划与设计] J212[艺术—美术]