广州地区579例儿童过敏性鼻炎患者吸入过敏原的临床分析  

Clinical analysis of Inhaled allergens in 579 children with allergic rhinitis in Guangzhou

作　　者：张大威[1] 丘小汕[2] 何健荣[1,2] 刘立[1] 

机构地区：[1]广东医学院药学院,广东东莞523808 [2]中山大学附属第一医院儿科,广东广州510080

出　　处：《分子诊断与治疗杂志》2015年第3期171-175,共5页Journal of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapy

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(81402933);2013年度国家级和省级大学生创新创业训练计划项目(1057113046)

摘　　要：目的通过皮肤点刺试验,考察广州地区过敏性鼻炎患儿吸入过敏原的种类及其分布,为诊断、预防和治疗儿童过敏性鼻炎提供参考。方法采用常见的11种吸入过敏原,对579例诊断为过敏性鼻炎患儿进行皮肤点刺试验,计算各种过敏原阳性率反应,并结合过敏原的种类、数量及患者年龄等临床资料进行分析。结果过敏原皮肤点刺试验阳性率为77.72%,以户尘螨、粉尘螨阳性率最高,分别为73.58%和74.78%。其次依次为狗毛〉猫毛〉德国小蠊〉多支〉霉菌Ⅱ〉树Ⅰ〉交链〉杂草〉葡萄球菌。只对单一类别的变应原呈阳性反应的有121例,占所有阳性例数的26.9%,其中主要为螨类,占107例。对两类变应原呈阳性反应的有261例,对三类或三类以上变应原呈阳性反应的有68例。此外,皮肤点刺阳性率与患者年龄相关（P〈0.001）,11岁~14岁儿童（86.5%）〉7岁~10岁儿童（75.0%）〉5岁~6岁儿童（64.1%）。结论分析结果提示户尘螨和粉尘螨阳性率显著高于其他过敏原,是广州地区儿童过敏性鼻炎最主要的吸入过敏原。过敏患者多数具有敏感体质,往往同时对多种过敏原产生过敏反应。值得注意的是皮肤点刺试验阳性率与患者年龄具有一定关系。Objective Based on the study of the types and distribution of inhaled allergens in chil- dren with allergic rhinitis （AR） in Guangzhou by skin prick test（SPT）, to provide reference for the diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of AR in children. Methods A total of 579 cases of children with AR were sub- jected to SPT with 11 common inhaled allergens. The positive rates of allergic reactions, the types of allergens, and the ages distribution were subjected to data analysis. Results Positive rate of skin prick test was 77.72%; house dust mite-positive and dermatophagoides farinae-positive were accounting for 73.58% and 74.78%, respectively. The next in order were dog dander, cat dander, Blattella germanica, Cladosporium herbarum, mould Ⅱ, tree I , Alternaria, weed and Staphlococcus. 121 cases were positive with a single allergen occupying 26.9% of the total number of all positive cases including 107 cases of mites. Besides, 261 cases were positive with two types of allergens and 68 cases with three or more allergens. The positive rate of SPT test was related to age （P〈0.001）, 11-14 years old （86.5%） 〉 7-10 years old （75.0） 〉 5~6 years old （64.1%）. Conclusion Household dust mites and dermatophagoides were the most common allergens in children with AR in Guangzhou. Most allergy suffers possessed allergic constitutions, and were allergic to more than one type of allergens. It is noticeable that the positive rate of SPY was related to age.

关 键 词：过敏性鼻炎 吸入过敏原 皮肤点刺试验 临床分析 

分 类 号：R765.21[医药卫生—耳鼻咽喉科] R446.5[医药卫生—临床医学]