不同原料厌氧发酵及其微生物种群的研究  

Studies on microbial community of different materials and anaerobic fermentation

作　　者：李海红[1] 巴琦玥 闫志英[2] 刘晓风[2] 

机构地区：[1]西安工程大学环境科学系,陕西西安710048 [2]中国科学院环境与应用微生物重点实验室,四川成都610041

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2015年第5期1449-1457,共9页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973)项目(2013CB733500);国家国际科技合作专项项目(2013DFA61260);四川省应用基础研究计划项目(2013JY0050)

摘　　要：使用PCR-DGGE技术,对以鸡粪、猪粪、牛粪、秸秆为发酵原料的发酵体系的微生物群落多样性进行了研究.在发酵不同时间取样,进行了日产甲烷量、日产甲烷浓度的变化分析和DGGE分析.结果表明,日产甲烷量整体趋势为猪粪>鸡粪>秸秆>牛粪,日平均产甲烷量分别为2.67、2.24、0.99、0.49L;猪粪、鸡粪、秸秆的日产甲烷浓度在整个发酵周期大多可维持在50%以上,牛粪的日产甲烷浓度大部分时间低于30%;细菌的优势菌群有拟杆菌属(Bacteroidetes)、密螺旋体属(Treponema)、厌氧绳菌科(Anaerolineaceae)等,新增优势菌群有梭菌属(Clostridium)、脱硫叶菌属(Desulfobulbus)、毛螺旋菌科(Lachnospiraceae)、醋弧菌属(Acetivibrio);古菌的优势菌群有甲烷鬃菌属(Methanosaeta)、甲烷八叠球菌属(Methanosarcina)、甲烷八叠球菌目(Methanosarcinales),新增优势菌群有斯氏甲烷球菌属(Methanosphaera stadtmanae).PCR-DGGE analysis was used to study the diversity of the microbial community in different anaerobic fermentation systems using chicken dung, pig manure, cow dung and straw as substrate respectively. Methane biogas production and methane concentration were measured daily. Slurry was sampled at different fermentation stage and used for DGGE analysis. The results showed that the overall trend of daily biogas production appeared pig〉 chicken〉 straw〉 cow dung and their average biogas production was 2.67, 2.24, 0.99, 0.49L. Daily methane concentration of pig, chicken manure and straw was above 50% during the whole fermenting period, while the methane concentration of cow was less than 30% most of the time. Dominant bacterial groups were Bacteroidetes, Treponema, Anaerolineaceae and the newly developed bacterial groups were Clostridium, Desulfobulbu,, Lachnospiraceae andAcetivibrio. Dominant archaeal groups were Methanobacteriaceae, Methanosarcina and Methanosarcinales. A newly developed group was Methanosphaera stadtmanae.

关 键 词：鸡粪 猪粪 牛粪 秸秆 厌氧发酵 PCR-DGGE 菌群多样性 

分 类 号：X705[环境科学与工程—环境工程]