巢湖流域氮磷面源污染与水华空间分布遥感解析  

Spatial analysis on diffuse pollution and algal bloom characteristic with remote sensing in Chao Lake Basin

作　　者：王雪蕾[1] 王新新[2] 朱利[1] 马友华[3] 吴传庆[1] 王强[3] 冯爱萍[1] 陈敏鹏[4] 

机构地区：[1]环境保护部卫星环境应用中心,北京100094 [2]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [3]安徽农业大学资源与环境学院,安徽合肥230036 [4]中国农业科学院,农业环境与可持续发展研究所,北京100081

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2015年第5期1511-1519,共9页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(41101378,41001245);国家科技支撑计划(2012BAD15B03);国家自然基金(71103186)

摘　　要：基于遥感监测手段,分别应用DPe RS模型和MODIS水华提取方法对巢湖流域氮磷面源污染特征和巢湖水体水华爆发规律进行遥感像元尺度解析,结果表明:2010年巢湖流域总氮产生量为1900.3t,入河量为846.5t;总磷为244.1t,入河量为76t.巢湖流域农业面源污染对氮素污染贡献最大,而水土流失则对磷面源污染贡献最大;综合巢湖流域氮磷面源污染和水华爆发的时空特征分析,明确氮磷面源污染与巢湖水华具有相关性,并且时间上水华爆发频率较氮磷面源污染具有先滞后后同步的特征,且面源污染负荷与水华爆发面积的相关系数为0.45;在空间上,面源污染负荷较大区域与水华爆发频度较高区域也有较好的匹配性;基于这种相关性,应用DPe RS模型对巢湖流域进行氮磷减排情景分析,结果表明在施肥量减少30%,农村生活垃圾处理率提高到60%,畜禽粪便处理率和城市垃圾处理率提高到80%的情况下,氮磷面源污染平均削减率可以达到50%.Based on the monitoring with MODIS data, the DPeRS model and algae bloom （AB） information were extracted and were used to assess nitrogen （N） and phosphorus （P） diffuse pollution （DP） and AB characteristics at pixel scale. Results showed 1） the yearly production of total nitrogen was 1900.3t in 2010 and 846.5 t were discharged. The total phosphorus production was 244.1t and the discharge load was 76t. 2） Agriculture contributes mostly the N-DP, and the water loss and soil erosion had great effect on P-DP. 3） The spatial-temporal feature analysis on N/P-DP loads and AB frequency confirmed that the N/P-DP related to AB. The AB happening lagged the DP firstly and after AB reaching the maxim. The DP and AB had the same temporal trend. The spatial distribution of AB matched well with DP. The correlation coefficient of bloom areas and NP loads was 0.45.4） The scenarios analysis was analyzed with DPeRS model due to the dependency between DP and AB. The four scenarios could reduce N/P-DP 50% with reducing the fertilizer application 30%, improving the decontamination rate of urban and livestock refuse to 80% and rural life to 60%.

关 键 词：面源污染 氮磷 水华 遥感 巢湖流域 

分 类 号：X87[环境科学与工程—环境工程]