太湖流域河流及溪流大型底栖动物群落结构及影响因素  

Benthic macroinvertebrate community structure in rivers and streams of Lake Taihu Basin and environmental determinants

作　　者：张又[1,2] 刘凌[2] 蔡永久[1,3] 尹洪斌[1] 高俊峰[1] 高永年[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所,江苏南京210008 [2]河海大学水文水资源学院,江苏南京210098 [3]南京水利科学研究院,江苏南京210029

出　　处：《中国环境科学》2015年第5期1535-1546,共12页China Environmental Science

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项(2012ZX07501 001-03;2012ZX07506003;2014ZX07101011);中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所一三五前沿交叉项目(NIGLAS2012135012);江苏省自然科学基金(BK20131055);国家自然科学基金项目(51279060)

摘　　要：2012年10月对太湖流域93个样点大型底栖动物进行调查,分析西部丘陵水生态功能区和东部平原水生态功能区底栖动物群落结构及其与环境因子的关系.共采集到底栖动物104种,隶属4门8纲19目46科85属.各样点的底栖动物总密度差别很大,介于1.33~39080ind./m2.西部丘陵区的物种丰富度、物种多样性均高于东部平原区.东部平原区的优势种主要为铜锈环棱螺和霍甫水丝蚓等耐污种,而西部丘陵区的优势种中包括清洁种（毛翅目和蜉蝣目幼虫）.相似性分析结果表明2个生态区底栖动物群落具有显著差异,铜锈环棱螺、霍甫水丝蚓、锯齿新米虾、大沼螺、苏氏尾鳃蚓等是造成2生态区之间群落结构差异的主要原因.典范对应分析结果表明影响底栖动物群落结构的主要因素为栖境多样性、营养状态及底质异质性.Goodnight-Whitley指数和BPI指数评价结果表明西部丘陵区整体处于轻污染状态,而东部平原区大部分采样点处于轻污染状态和中污染状态,部分采样点处于重污染状态.We investigated macroinvertebrate communities at 93 sampling sites across Lake Taihu Basin in October 2012 to reveal the patterns of community structures and the possible determinants. A total of 104 macroinvertebrate taxa from 85 genera, 46 families, 19 orders, 8 classes, 4 phyla were recorded. Total abundance of macroinvertebrate varied greatly between 1.33 and 39080 ind./m^2. More taxa were found in the western hills than the eastern plains, and the diversity indices in the western hills were significantly higher than the eastern plains. The benthic communities in the eastern plains were mainly dominated by pollution-tolerant taxa, such as Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri and Bellamya aeruginosa, while the dominant species in western hills included the sensitive taxa （aquatic insects from Ephemeroptera and Trichoptera）. ANOSIM analysis showed that macroinvertebrate assemblages differed significantly between the two ecoregions, and B. aeruginosa was primarily responsible for the dissimilarity, followed by L. hoffmeisteri, Neocaridina denticulata, Parafossarulus eximius, and Branchiura sowerbyi. CCA showed that the most important factors regulating the assemblage structure were mainly habitat diversity, trophic state, and substrate heterogeneity. The results of Goodnight-Whitley and BPI indices indicated that rivers in the western hills were mostly at status of slight polluted, and rivers in the eastern plains were mostly at status of slight or intermediate polluted, with several severely polluted sites.

关 键 词：太湖流域 水生态功能区 人为干扰 栖息地质量 生物多样性 

分 类 号：Q178[生物学—水生生物学] X171[生物学—普通生物学]