非均匀电场下原油乳化液脱水特性  

Dehydration Characteristics of Crude Oil Emulsion Under Non-uniform Electric Field

作　　者：陈庆国[1] 宋春辉[1] 梁雯[1] 刘增[2] 赵忠山[2] 魏新劳[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨理工大学工程电介质及其应用教育部重点实验室,哈尔滨150080 [2]大庆油田设计院,大庆163712

出　　处：《高电压技术》2015年第5期1595-1602,共8页High Voltage Engineering

基　　金：国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)(2012CB723308);黑龙江省科技攻关项目(GZ11A210)~~

摘　　要：为了提高陆上及海上原油平台的脱水效率,利用同轴圆柱电极结构开展了乳化液在非均匀电场下的脱水特性研究;通过分析水滴在非均匀电场中的极化特性,建立了水滴极化及受力模型,分别对水滴运动、聚结和破裂的动力学特性进行了分析。研究结果表明:随着非均匀系数的升高,乳化液脱水速度增大;在一定范围内提高电场非均匀系数有利于乳化液最终含水率的降低,但电场非均匀系数过高容易造成电分散。在非均匀电场中,水滴受到的介电泳力和水滴之间的偶极聚结力与电场场强、水滴半径、电场的非均匀系数成正比,与水滴距电极中心的距离和水滴之间的距离成反比。水滴电分散场强与水滴电荷面密度、水滴粒径、表面张力有关,当水滴发生荷电后,其电分散场强减小。所建立的非均匀电场脱水模型较好地解释了电脱水试验现象,可为高效电脱水器的设计提供依据。In order to improve the dewatering efficiency of onshore and offshore oil platform, we studied the dehydration characteristics of emulsion under non-uniform electric field with coaxial cylindrical electrode structure. Through analyz- ing water droplets polarization characteristics in non-uniform electric field, we established the models for the water droplet polarization and bearing stress, and analyzed the dynamic characteristics of droplet movement, droplet coales- cence, and rupture. The results show that the emulsion dehydration speed increases with the non-uniform coefficient. Within a certain range, the improvement of non-uniform coefficient of the electric field can reduce the moisture content of emulsion eventually. However, the higher non-uniform coefficient of electric field can also cause electric dispersion. In non-uniform electric fie/d, the dielectrophoresis force of water droplets and dipole coalescence force between the droplets are proportional to electric field intensity, water droplet radius, and non-uniform coefficient of electric field, and they are inversely proportional to the distance between the center of the electrode and water droplet, and the distance between the water droplets. The scattered electric field intensity for water droplets is related to surface charge density of water droplet, droplet size, and surface tension. When the water droplet is charged, its scattered electric field intensity will decrease. The established dehydration model for non-uniform electric field can explain the phenomenon of electric dehydration, and it can provide a theory basis for the high efficient dehydrator design.

关 键 词：非均匀电场 介电泳 乳化液 电分散 极化 电脱水 

分 类 号：TE624.1[石油与天然气工程—油气加工工程]