美国警察无证裸身搜查的法律控制及其对中国的启示  

Legal Control of Police Strip Searches in U.S. and Its Policy Value to China

作　　者：吴玲[1] 张德淼[1] 

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学

出　　处：《比较法研究》2015年第3期123-136,共14页Journal of Comparative Law

基　　金：中南财经政法大学中央高校基本科研业务费项目(2722013JC030)的资助

摘　　要：裸身搜查是保护警员安全和发现物证的一种重要方式,但缺乏法律控制的搜查行为可能会严重侵犯公民的人身权利与人格尊严。裸身搜查法律控制需要在人权保护与犯罪防范这两种价值取向上找到平衡点,并为警察日常执法行为设定明确的边界。本文通过分析美国联邦法院判决的裸身搜查典型判例,考察美国法如何控制警察的裸身搜查行为,特别是其在搜查范围、方式、地点、理据等方面的控制特点,以揭示其控制人身搜查的程序性原则与司法裁量标准,并在此基础上提出完善我国相关法律制度的对策。Although strip search is a critical measure to protect officers＇ safety and discover contrabands in law enforcement practices, it poses a serious threat to human rights and dignity if not properly regulated. Legal control of strip searches not only requires balancing the crime prevention value and the needs of human rights protection, but also sets behavioral boundaries for law enforcement. The current research analyzes judicial decisions on police strip searches by the U. S. federal courts under the Fourth Amendment. It examines key aspects of strip search behaviors such as scope, manner, place, and justification, and then summarizes and reveals related legal doctrines and specific reasonableness tests. Finally, this research discusses the limitation of extant law on body search in China and suggests the measures to utilize U.S. experiences in China＇ s oolicv implementation.

关 键 词：裸身搜查 警察权力 法律控制 平衡原则 

分 类 号：D971.2[政治法律—法学] DD915.3