汽车装配作业工人肌肉骨骼损伤与工效学负荷水平的相关性  

Correlation between Musculoskeletal Disorders and Ergonomic Load Levels among Automobile Assembly Workers

作　　者：李玉珍[1] 李珏[2] 李刚[3] 秦汝莉[1] 张秋玲[3] 张雪艳[1] 赵杰[3] 贾宁[1] 李焕焕[3] 姜海强[3] 王忠旭[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050 [2]北京市化工职业病防治院,北京100093 [3]辽宁省职业病防治院,辽宁110005

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2015年第5期393-398,共6页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(编号:81172643)

摘　　要：[目的]评估汽车装配作业工人工效学负荷,探讨其与肌肉骨骼损伤之间的相关性。[方法]采用横断面与回顾性调查相结合的方法,选择工作相关肌肉骨骼损伤快速暴露检查表(QEC)和北欧Nordic肌肉骨骼问卷,对某汽车制造企业1 502名男性装配作业工人的工效学负荷与肌肉骨骼损伤发生情况进行调查与分析,应用多因素logistic回归分析方法探讨二者间的相关性。[结果]回收有效问卷1 465份,研究对象颈部、肩膀、手腕部和下背/腰部肌肉骨骼损伤阳性发生率依次为6.28%(92人)、4.98%(73人)、6.48%(95人)、9.69%(142人),肌肉骨骼损伤阳性者4个部位的QEC分值均高于阴性者(P<0.05)。肌肉骨骼损伤的现患率与工效学负荷水平存在量效关系(OR>1),且随着工效学负荷水平的增大而增高(P趋势<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析发现身高和吸烟为颈、肩部肌肉骨骼损伤的影响因素。[结论]工效学负荷与肌肉骨骼损伤存在相关性,身高和吸烟是颈、肩部肌肉骨骼损伤的相关危险因素。[Objective] To evaluate the correlation between musculoskeletal disorders（MSDs） and ergonomic load among automobile assembly workers. [Methods] By using combined cross-sectional and retrospective investigation, work-related MSDs Quick Exposure Check（QEC） and the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire were utilized to assess ergonomic load-related MSDs among automobile assembly workers. The correlation between ergonomic load and MSDs was analyzed by multiple factor logistic regression analysis. [Results] There were 1 465 valid questionnaires retuned. The monthly prevalence of MSDs in neck, shoulder, wrist, and lower back/waist were 6.28%（92）, 4.98%（73）, 6.48%（95）, and 9.69%（142）, respectively, and the QEC scores of the four body parts of the positive MSDs group were significantly higher than those of the negative MSDs group（P〈0.05）. A doseeffect relationship was found between the prevalence of MSDs and ergonomic load（OR 1）, and increased with higher ergonomics load level（Ptrend〈0.01）. The results of logistic regression analysis found that height and smoking were the influencing factors of MSDs in neck or shoulder. [Conclusion] There is a correlation between ergonomic load and MSDs. Height and smoking are risk factors for MSDs in neck or shoulder.

关 键 词：肌肉骨骼损伤 职业性 工效学负荷 汽车装配作业工人 快速暴露评估 

分 类 号：R135[医药卫生—劳动卫生]