耐火陶瓷纤维对作业工人肺通气功能的影响  

Effects of Refractory Ceramic Fibers on Workers' Pulmonary Ventilation Function

作　　者：朱晓俊[1] 李涛[1] 王鸿飞[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国疾病预防控制中心职业卫生与中毒控制所,北京100050

出　　处：《环境与职业医学》2015年第5期399-403,408,共6页Journal of Environmental and Occupational Medicine

基　　金：北京市自然科学基金资助项目(编号:7152104);中国疾病预防控制中心青年科研基金资助项目(编号:2013B101)

摘　　要：[目的]探讨耐火陶瓷纤维对作业工人肺通气功能的影响。[方法]选择从事耐火陶瓷纤维生产和加工的265名作业工人作为接触组,273名仅接触噪声的作业工人作为对照组,进行肺通气功能检查,指标为用力肺活量（FVC）、第一秒用力呼气量（FEV1.0）、一秒率（第一秒用力呼气量占用力肺活量百分率,FEV1.0/FVC）,均以实测值占预计值的百分比（FVC%、FEV1.0%、FEV1.0/FVC%）表示。接触组分别按纤维计数浓度〈0.1、0.1~0.5、〉0.5 f/m L,按总粉尘质量浓度〈1、1~5、〉5 mg/m3分为低、中、高水平。低纤维低总尘亚组81人、中纤维中总尘亚组123人、中纤维高总尘亚组30人、高纤维高总尘亚组31人。[结果]接触组作业工人FVC%、FEV1.0%和FEV1.0/FVC%的均数均低于对照组（P〈0.05）;高纤维高总尘亚组作业工人FVC%和FEV1.0%的下降较其他3个亚组更为明显（P〈0.05）,不同接触工龄亚组间各指标差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。接触组限制性、阻塞性和混合性肺通气功能障碍检出率为58.9%、4.5%和3.8%,与对照组的检出率10.9%、5.1%和4.0%比较,仅限制性肺通气功能障碍检出率的差别有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。限制性肺通气功能障碍与纤维计数浓度、接触工龄具有关联性（P〈0.05）,与总粉尘质量浓度、是否吸烟无关联性（P〉0.05）。[结论]接触耐火陶瓷纤维可导致以限制性通气功能障碍为主的肺通气功能损害,限制性通气功能障碍检出率与纤维累计接触水平存在正相关关系,与纤维计数浓度的关联性优于总粉尘质量浓度。[Objective] To explore the effects of refractory ceramic fibers on workers＇ pulmonary ventilation function. [Methods] This study enrolled 265 manufacturing and processing workers as the exposure group and another 273 workers only exposed to noise as the control group. All subjects accepted pulmonary function test with indicators including forced vital capacity（FVC）, forced expiratory volume in 1 s（FEV1.0）, and FEV1.0/ FVC, represented in percentages of measured values over expected values（FVC%, FEV1.0%, FEV1.0/FVC%）. Low, medium, and high exposure subgroups were divided by the number concentration of fiber 〈0.1, 0.1-0.5, and 〉0.5 f/m L and by the gravimetric concentration of total dust 〈1, 1-5, and 5 〉mg/m3. Specifically, 81 workers were classified into the low fiber and low total dust subgroup, 123 workers in the medium fiber and medium total dust subgroup, 30 workers in the medium fiber and high total dust subgroup, and 31 workers in the high fiber and high total dust subgroup. [Results] Compared with the control group, the exposure group had significantly lower mean values of FVC%, FEV1.0%, and FEV1.0/FVC%（P〈0.05）. The subgroup with high number concentration of fiber and high gravimetric concentration of total dust had significantly greater reduction of FVC% and FEV1.0% than other three subgroups（P〈0.05）. Subgroups with different exposure age had no differences in the values of FVC%, FEV1.0%, and FEV1.0/FVC%（P〉0.05）. The positive rates of restrictive, obstructive, and mixed pulmonary dysfunction were 58.9%, 4.5%, and 3.8% in the exposure group respectively and 10.9%, 5.1% and 4.0% in the control group respectively, and only the positive restrictive pulmonary dysfunction rate showed significant difference between the two groups（P〈0.05）. The restrictive pulmonary dysfunction was associated with the number concentration of fiber and the exposure age（P〈0.05）, and not with the gravimetric concentration of total dust or smoking habit（P〉0.05）. [Conclusion] Exp

关 键 词：耐火陶瓷纤维 肺通气功能 限制性肺通气功能障碍 纤维计数浓度 总粉尘质量浓度 

分 类 号：R135.2[医药卫生—劳动卫生]