广东传统农业的生态学智慧述论  

A commentary on ecological wisdom of traditional agriculture in Guangdong Province

作　　者：赵飞[1,2] 章家恩[1] 

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学热带亚热带生态研究所,广州510642 [2]华南农业大学广州农业文化遗产与美丽乡村建设研究基地,广州510642

出　　处：《生态科学》2015年第2期173-178,共6页Ecological Science

基　　金：广东省哲学社会科学十二五规划2014年度学科共建项目(GD14XLS07);国家重大基础研究(973)计划课题(2011CB100406);国家科技支撑计划课题(2012BAD14B16-4);广东省产学研合作项目(2010B090400453);广东省级农业资源区划研究课题(GD201214)

摘　　要：广东省地处热带、亚热带地区,农业历史悠久,是中国传统农业文化的代表性区域之一。在历史的长河中,广东先民探索和积累了大批具有岭南特色的传统农业技术,其中很多都符合现代生态农业的理念。在系统整理历史文献的基础上,从以下方面对广东传统农业中蕴含的生态学智慧进行了汇总、整理与分析,结果表明:(1)桑基鱼塘、稻田养鱼、稻田养鸭、葑田-养鱼等是广东地区典型的传统农业模式以及循环农业的典范,其中蕴含着利用生物之间互惠共生的生态学智慧。(2)"双季稻+冬种或冬闲"、水稻-甘蔗-芭蕉轮作、烟草-晚稻轮作、果园间套作、茶-蝇树共作等是轮作、间套种的传统农业典范,其中蕴含着充分利用空间和时间生态位的智慧。(3)广东先民一直重视利用有机质做肥料,人畜粪便、土杂肥、草木灰、绿肥、河泥、塘泥等有机肥料已广泛应用,成为用地养地的代表性技术,其中蕴含着农业废弃物资源和物质循环利用的生态学智慧。(4)酷热、冬寒、巨风、病虫害等是广东农业生产中主要的自然灾害形式,广东先民多采用覆盖稻草、种植防风树、疏果等方法予以应对。利用黄猄蚁防治柑橘害虫、烟茎杀虫等是广东历史上富有特色的治虫方法。这些方法中蕴含着应对灾害的生态防控思想。Guangdong Province, located in the tropical and subtropical area, is one of traditional agriculture development area with a long history in China. Historically, Guangdong ancestors practiced and accumulated a large number of traditional agricultural techniques with local characteristics, many of which contain modern ecological agricultural concept. Based on systematic analysis of historical literatures, the authors made a summary and analysis on ecological wisdom of the traditional agriculture in Guangdong. The results showed that： 1） The mulberry-dike-fish-pond system, rice-fish system, rice-duck system and floating water plant-fish farming system are the representatives of traditional agriculture and circular agriculture models in Guangdong, which reflected the ecological wisdom of biological symbiosis. 2） The crop rotation and intercropping is also one of important and typical models of traditional agriculture in Guangdong, such as ＂rotation of double rice and other dryland crops＂, rice-cane-banana rotation, tobacco-late rice rotation, intercropping in orchard, tea-ying tree intercropping,etc. It included the wisdom of utilization of spatial and temporal niches. 3）Guangdong ancestors had always attached importance on organic manure utilization. Some organic fertilizers including human and animal wastes, farmyard manure, plant ash, green manure, river and pond silt, etc, were used widely, and now is becoming a typical technique of the combination of utilizing land while maintaining it, in which there contains the wisdom of cycling utilization for agricultural wastes and kinds of resources. 4） Torridity, winter coldness, hurricane, pests outbreak are the main natural disasters for agriculture in Guangdong. In the past, Guangdong ancestors usually conducted straw covering for keeping soil temperature, water and fertility, planting windproof trees and thinning fruits for avoiding wind harm, using Oecophylla smaragdina for killing orange pests and tobacco stem for killing pest, and these methods also

关 键 词：传统农业 农业遗产 生态智慧 广东省 

分 类 号：X55[环境科学与工程—环境工程]