外来入侵物种管理中的排序体系研究进展  

Advances research of prioritization management on invasive alien species

作　　者：宫璐[1] 李俊生[1] 白加德[2] 赵相健[1] 赵彩云[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室,北京100012 [2]北京麋鹿生态实验中心,北京100076

出　　处：《生态科学》2015年第2期179-186,共8页Ecological Science

基　　金：中国环境科学研究院院所基金项目(2012-YSKY-05)

摘　　要：外来物种入侵是继生境破坏之后的第二大世界性的环境问题,如何实现外来入侵物种分级,对其进行有效管理是一个世界性的难题。研究总结了国内外外来入侵物种的排序体系,从三个方面归纳了目前的排序系统:1)针对所有入侵以及潜在入侵物种开展综合风险评估,以此为基础提出防控管理清单;2)针对已建群的外来入侵物种,围绕不同管理目标进行入侵物种的排序,包括以降低外来入侵物种对生物多样性影响为目的的外来植物排序、以生物防治为控制手段的外来物种排序、基于土地利用的种群管理排序;3)针对区域管理提出外来入侵物种分区管理。认为外来入侵物种的入侵性、生态危害、分布范围、潜在分布和控制技术是实现排序的关键因素,指标的选择与确定依赖于管理目标的设定。我国亟需确定外来入侵物种的优先控制区域,并针对不同优先控制区域内外来入侵物种开展排序工作。Biological invasion is considered as the second seriously environmental issue in worldwide just after habitat destruction. Priortizing invasive alien species （IAS） is very important to manage effectively on IAS. In this paper, we concluded the ranking systems of IAS based on the comprehensive risk assessment, impacts on biodiversity, priority control, population management and regional priority areas. We summarized the ranking systems of IAS on three aspects： 1） listing the priority species based on the comprehensive risk assessment on the established and potential IAS, 2） prioritizing the established species depended on different management goals such as mitigating the adverse impacts of IAS on biodiversity, managing IAS by biological control and population management based on the land use, and 3） prioritizing the areas for the management on IAS. Invasiveness, ecological hazards, distribution and control technology of IAS were considered as the key factors for the prioritization. Besides, index selection varied with the management goals. We suggest that prioritize control areas and the ranking systems of IAS in different areas should be implemented as soon as possible in China.

关 键 词：外来入侵物种 排序体系 入侵区域 生态危害 

分 类 号：X302.1[环境科学与工程—环境工程]