策略操控:语用论辩学之修辞拓展  

Strategic Maneuvering: a Rhetorical Extension of Pragma-Dialectics

作　　者：吴鹏[1,2] 熊明辉[3] 

机构地区：[1]南京大学外国语学院,江苏南京210046 [2]江苏大学外国语学院,江苏镇江212013 [3]中山大学逻辑与认知研究所/哲学系,广东广州510275

出　　处：《福建师范大学学报（哲学社会科学版）》2015年第3期64-69,169,共6页Journal of Fujian Normal University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金青年项目<中美贸易摩擦论辩话语研究>(项目编号:14CYY053);教育部人文社科重点基地重大项目<广义非形式逻辑研究>(项目编号:12JJD720006);中国博士后科学基金第五十三批面上项目<中美经济摩擦新闻话语研究>(项目编号:2013M530245)的阶段性研究成果

摘　　要：如何通过批判性讨论合理解决正反双方意见分歧是语用论辩学的核心问题。但在现实论辩话语中,论辩者不仅要遵守合理性标准,还会努力通过修辞策略使论辩结果对自己最有效。鉴于此,语用论辩学近年来逐步尝试修辞维度的理论拓展,提出了"策略操控"概念及其分析方法。以策略操控概念为核心的语用论辩学拓展理论凸显了论辩者为实现论辩合理性和论辩有效性的微妙平衡而在潜在话题、受众需求和表达手段三方面的运筹帷幄,对法律、政治、医疗等交际领域的论辩话语实践均有较强的解释力和应用价值。后续研究应在哲学、理论、实证、分析和实践五个层面上深入探究策略操控现象,并进一步完善其语境分析、修辞分析和谬误识别标准。How to reasonably resolve a difference of opinion between protagonists and antagonists through critical discussion is the central research question of Pragma-Dialectics. However,in real-life argumentative discourse,protagonists and antagonists not only intend to resolve difference of opinions reasonably,but also maneuver strategically to direct the result to be 'effective'in their own favor. With this in mind,Pragma-Dialecticians in recent years extend the standard theory via incorporating a rhetorical dimension. In doing so,they put forward the theory of 'strategic maneuvering',and set up a real context-sensitive research framework to analyze and evaluate argumentation. The extended theory of Pragma-Dialectics accentuates how protagonists and antagonists,in order to keep a delicate balance between reasonableness and effectiveness,maneuver strategically among potential topics, audience demands and presentational devices. The extended theory is useful and handy in analyzing the argumentative discourse embedded in the legal,political and medical domain. In future studies, the extended theory should be further elaborated philosophically, theoretically, empirically,analytically and practically. Besides,contextual analysis,rhetorical analysis and criteria for fallacy identification in the extended theory still need to be improved.

关 键 词：论辩话语 语用论辩学 策略操控 论辩学 修辞学 

分 类 号：H03[语言文字—语言学] H05