不同品种头花蓼叶片的比较解剖学研究  

Comparative Anatomy of Blades from Different Varieties of Polygonum capitatum

作　　者：高凯悦 廖海民[1] 刘世会[2,3] 赵德刚[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]贵州大学生命科学学院/农业生物工程研究院山地植物资源保护与种质创新省部共建教育部重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [2]贵州省农业生物工程重点实验室,贵州贵阳550025 [3]贵州大学药学院,贵州贵阳550025

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2015年第16期11-13,42,共4页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：贵州省中药现代化科技产业研究开发专项项目(黔科合ZY字[2013]3009号);贵州省科技创新人才团队建设项目(黔科合人才团队[2011]4001号)

摘　　要：[目的]对野生头花蓼、GAP基地种植头花蓼、贵州省农业生物工程重点实验室选育的四倍体及其二倍体头花蓼品种叶片进行解剖学研究,期望为头花蓼优良品种的选育提供解剖学参考依据。[方法]采用石蜡切片法和指甲油印迹法,分别对4种头花蓼叶片结构和叶表皮进行观测。[结果]头花蓼叶片气孔器为无规则型,上表皮气孔数明显少于下表皮。表皮毛仅分布于叶脉上,下表皮相对较多。叶肉包括栅栏组织和海绵组织2个部分,其中栅栏组织2列,细胞呈长柱形;海绵组织细胞近圆形,排列疏松。叶脉为外韧维管束类型,主脉具两个维管束,上下排列,近轴面维管束较小,其韧皮部朝下,木质部朝上;远轴面维管束相对较大,木质部和韧皮部的排列与近轴面维管束相反。[结论]在研究的4个头花蓼材料中,与其他3个二倍体品种相比,多倍体形态解剖结构特征有明显差异。四倍体品种气孔密度较小,叶片较厚,栅栏组织发达,表明该品种具有较强的抗寒性,对环境的适应能力更强。[ Objective] The anatomy relationship of four different varieties of Polygonum capitatum was compared to provide the anatomical reference for breeding the good varieties. [ Method] Using paraffin section method and nail polish imprinting method, the blade structure and leaf epidermis of four varieties of Polygonum capitatum were observed. [ Result] Blade stomata of Polygonum capitatum is anomocytic, and the number of the upper epidermis stomatal is significantly less than that of the lower epidermis. The trichomes distribute only on the veins and the number of trichomes is relatively more than that of lower epidermis. The mesophyll is consists of palisade tissue and spongy tissue. The palisade tissue cells show long column shapes and are arranged vertically. The spongy tissue cells are nearly suborbicular and are loosely arranged. The veins are collateral bundle type and the main vein with two vascular bundles arranges up and down. Adaxial vascular bundle is smaller, and the phloem is downward and the xylem is upward. Abaxial bundle is relatively large, and the phloem and the xylem are arranged instead of adaxial vascular. [ Conclusion] Compared to the other three diploid varieties of Polygonum capitatum, tetraploid variety showed obvious differences in anatomical structure characteristics. The results showed that tetraploid variety had certain superiority and could adapt to environment better.

关 键 词：头花蓼 叶片 四倍体 比较解剖 

分 类 号：S567.239[农业科学—中草药栽培] Q944.5[农业科学—作物学]