黑龙江省不同纬度耕作土壤中可培养细菌群落结构解析  

Analysis on Cultivable Bacteria Community Structures in Farmland Soil in Different Latitudes of Heilongjiang Province

作　　者：王淼[1] 王继华[1] 张雪萍[1] 周小倩[1] 

机构地区：[1]哈尔滨师范大学生命科学与技术学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150025

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2015年第16期100-104,共5页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：哈尔滨师范大学青年骨干支持项目(NO.XRQG09);哈尔滨师范大学大学生实践创新团队项目(2012)

摘　　要：土壤微生物作为土壤生态系统重要的组成部分,土壤细菌占土壤微生物的90%以上。该研究采用传统稀释涂布培养法研究塔河、带岭、帽儿山3个不同纬度耕作土壤中可培养细菌群落结构及其多样性。结果表明:不同地区耕作土壤可培养细菌数量大小顺序为塔河>带岭>帽儿山。芽孢杆菌属(Bacillus)和固氮菌属(Azotobacte)为塔河、带岭及帽儿山样地土壤中共同的优势菌属。3个样地之间的多样性水平存在差异,其中帽儿山样地耕作土壤可培养细菌的多样性指数(H'=1.84)、丰富度指数(R=1.86)最高,多样性指数、丰富度指数和均匀度指数之间的密切关系可以反映微生物群落特征具有一致性。微生物类群聚类分析结果表明,帽儿山样地与塔河样地相似性较高,与带岭样地相似性较低。典型相关关系分析排序轴前两轴分别解释了塔河、带岭及帽儿山样地耕作土壤可培养细菌变异的76.3%、71.8%和89.9%,且3个样地CCA排序轴1均与总氮(TN)显著相关(相关系数分别为-0.89、0.74和0.99),与速效钾(AK)显著相关(相关系数分别为-0.82、0.70和-0.65)。由此可知,土壤微生物群落结构是由各理化性质共同作用形成的。Soil microorganism is an very important component part of soil ecosystem, and soil bacteria is more than 90% of soil microorganism, so this paper studied composition and diversity of the cultivable bacteria communities in farmland soil in Tahe （TH）, Dailing （DL）, Maoershan＇ （MES） three different latitude regions by means of soil dilution plate and soil particle plate and culture on standard media. The resuits indicated that the tendency of number of cultivable bacteria in farmland soil in different regions ： TH 〉 DL 〉 MES. Bacillus and Azotobacte occurred in farmland soil of TH, DL and MES, and they were predominant groups. The cultivable bacterial diversities in farmland soil of three sampling regions were significantly different, MES was the highest in Shannon diversity index （H＇ = 1.84） and Margalef richness index （R = 1.86）. By correlation analysis, the close relationship among diversity index, richness index and evenness index reflected the consistency of microbial community characteristics. By hierarchical scaling analysis, the spatial pattern of the microbial community was described. MES and TH were of the highest similarity, while MES and DL shared the lowest similarity. The first two Canonical correspondence analysis （CCA） axes collectively explained 76.3%, 71.8% and 89.9% of the species-environment variation about cultivable bacterial in farmland soil in TH, DL and MES, respectively. The first CCA axis was significantly positively related to TN （ the correlation coefficients were - 0.89, 0.74 and 0.99 ）, and significantly negatively related to AK （ the correlation coefficients were - 0.82, 0.70 and - 0.65 ）. The results indicated that the soil microorganism communities was strongly related to environmental variables.

关 键 词：耕作土壤 可培养细菌 群落结构 CCA 

分 类 号：S154.3[农业科学—土壤学]