当代日本“世袭政治”的文化解读  

Cultural Interpretation of Contemporary Japan's “Hereditary Politics”

作　　者：乔林生[1] 

机构地区：[1]南开大学世界近现代史研究中心

出　　处：《南开学报（哲学社会科学版）》2015年第3期39-46,共8页Nankai Journal:Philosophy,Literature and Social Science Edition

基　　金：中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(NKZXA10017)

摘　　要："世袭政治"是当代日本政治的重要特征之一。亚洲民主国家日本缘何出现这种"政治返祖"现象?仅以政治方面的选举制度或经济方面的结构性利权关系难以说明,实际上日本作为资本主义后进国家,虽经历了明治维新和战后民主化改革,然而传统文化中的家族制度理念、身份等级意识和恩情主义观念依旧无处不在地影响着现实政治生活,其突出地表现在"民主的本质——选举"上,表现为政治家们将代表民意的公职——国会议员作为"私有物"变成世袭传承的对象,表现为选民对世袭政治和等级序列相当程度上的认同,亦表现为义理与人情关系基础上的政治生态。＂Hereditary politics＂ is an important feature of contemporary Japan＇ s politics. Why did this kind of ＂po- litical atavism＂ appear in Japan, in such a democratic country in Asia？ The electoral system in Japan and the structure and power relationship in Japan＇ s economy are not adequate explanations. In fact, as a less advanced capitalist country, Japan, even though it has seen the Meiji Restoration and the postwar democratic reforms, is still a country in which the concept of family system in traditional culture, the awareness of social status, and the sense of gratitude and obligation are still ubiquitous power shaping the political life. This can be obviously found in the process of Japan＇ s elections--the very nature of democracy. Japanese politicians tend to turn parliamentary membership, a representation of electorate＇ will, into private and hereditary property. Meanwhile, Japanese electorate tends to acknowledge to a considerable extent the validity of hereditary politics and the rationality of hierarchy. What is more, the sense of gratitude and obligation is still the very thing upon which Japan＇ s political environment is built.

关 键 词：世袭政治 家族制度 身份等级制 恩情主义 

分 类 号：D731.3[政治法律—政治学]