Study on Pollen Viability and Stigma Receptivity of Very Later-ripening ‘Dongxing' Apricot  

极晚熟杏品种‘冬杏’花粉活力及柱头可授性研究（英文）

作　　者：赵世荣[1] 廖康[1] 达梦香 徐桂香[1] 徐乐 董胜利 杜润清 

机构地区：[1]新疆农业大学特色果树研究中心,新疆乌鲁木齐830052 [2]新疆轮台国家果树资源圃,新疆轮台841600

出　　处：《Agricultural Science & Technology》2015年第5期954-957,967,共5页农业科学与技术（英文版）

基　　金：Supported by Xinjiang Uygur Nationality Autonomous Region Science and Technology Project(201130102-1);Xinjiang Uygur Nationality Autonomous Region Key Subjects of Pomology~~

摘　　要：[Objective] The primary aims of this study were to understand the characteristic of floralorgan development in ‘Dongxing＇, and analyze its differences with other apricot varieties. [Method] Floral organ morphology, pollen quantity, pollen viability and stigma receptivityof ‘Dongxing＇ and other apricot varieties were observed and measured. [Result] The ratio between the medium style and long style of‘Dongxing＇ was 82.4%, and the ratio of pistillode was lower than that in the other apricot varieties. Its pollen quantity was 32 183.2 grains per flower, and was fewer than the others. The pollen germination of ‘Dongxing＇ in optimum medium（1% agar ＋15% sucrose ＋ 0.01% boric acid） was 53.0%, i.e. its pollen viability was low. The pollen viability increased at first and then decreased following the period of the bud stage to flowering stage, and pollen viability reached maximum value at the 1st d after flowering. Meanwhile the stored pollen viability continuously decreased with the extension of storage time, and pollen viability of the both vivo or vitro stored was decreased to the half of the maximum value at the 3rdd after flowering or storage.The stigma receptivity of ‘ongxing＇ enhanced at first then weakened, maximum stigma receptivity was found at the period of 2 h to 4 h after flowering. The optimum time for artificial pollination was 1 h to 8 h after flowering and it was shorter than the other apricot varieties was. [Conclusion] The ratio between the medium style and long style of ‘Dongxing＇ was higher than the other apricot varieties, while the pollen viability of ‘Dongxing＇ on the contrary. Its pollen viability reached maximum value at the 1st d after flowering and the optimum time for artificial pollination was1 h to 8h after flowering.[目的]了解‘冬杏’的花器官发育特性及其与其它杏品种间的差异。[方法]观察和测定冬杏和其它杏品种的花器官形态、花粉量、花粉活力、柱头可授性。[结果]‘冬杏’中长花柱比率82.4%,雌蕊退化率较低。花粉量为32 183.2粒/花,含量较低。离体花粉培养最适培养基为1%琼脂+15%蔗糖+0.01%硼酸,花粉萌发率为53.0%,花粉活力相对偏低。从蕾期到开花花粉活力呈现先升高后降低的趋势,最大值出现在开花后1 d,离体花粉的活力随贮藏时间持续下降,在开花(贮藏)3 d后花粉萌发率下降至最大值的一半。柱头可授性先增强后减弱,开花后2 h^4 h柱头可授性极强。开花后1 h至8 h为‘冬杏’的适宜授粉期,略短于其它品种。[结论]‘冬杏’中长花柱比率较高,从蕾期到开花花粉活力呈现先升高后降低的趋势,开花后1 h至8 h为‘冬杏’的适宜授粉期。

关 键 词：＇Dongxing＇ floral organ Pollen viability Stigma receptivity 

分 类 号：S662.2[农业科学—果树学]