5–硝基–3–三硝甲基–1H–1,2,4–三唑的合成与性能研究  

Study on synthesis and performance of 5-nitro-3-trinitromethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole

作　　者：肖啸[1] 姚二岗[1,2] 刘庆[1] 丁可伟[1] 苏海鹏[1] 李陶琦[1] 张敏[1] 葛忠学[1] 

机构地区：[1]西安近代化学研究所,陕西西安710065 [2]燃烧与爆炸技术重点实验室,陕西西安710065

出　　处：《化学推进剂与高分子材料》2015年第3期63-68,共6页Chemical Propellants & Polymeric Materials

基　　金：国家"973"计划(No.613740102)

摘　　要：以氨基胍碳酸氢盐与丙二酸为原料,经缩合–环化反应、重氮化–取代反应和硝化反应合成出5–硝基–3–三硝甲基–1H–1,2,4–三唑。用红外光谱、核磁共振、元素分析对其结构进行了表征。确定了最佳硝化反应体系:5–硝基–1H–1,2,4–三唑–3–乙酸为硝化反应前体,硝硫混酸(V(w为的98%浓硫酸)∶V(发烟硝酸)=1.2∶1)为硝化剂。采用密度泛函理论(DFT)中B3LYP方法在6–31G(d,p)基组水平下对5–硝基–3–三硝甲基–1H–1,2,4–三唑进行了全构型优化,并在优化构型基础上进行了自然键轨道(NBO)分析。差示扫描量热法(DSC)分析结果表明,10℃/min升温速率下,5–硝基–3–三硝甲基–1H–1,2,4–三唑的分解温度为135℃。The 5-nitro-3-trinitromethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole was synthesized by condensation-cyclization reaction, diazotization-substitution reaction and nitration reaction using aminoguanidine bicarbonate and malonic acid as raw materials. Its structure was characterized by infrared spectrum, nuclear magnetic resonance and element analysis. The confirmed optimal nitration reaction system is as follows： using 5-nitro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-3-acetic acid as nitration reaction precursor, nitric-sulfuric mixed acid（V（mass fraction of 98% concentrated sulfuric acid）：V（fuming nitric acid）=1.2：1） as nitrating agent. The all-configuration optimization of 5-nitro-3-trinitromethyl-1H-1, 2, 4-triazole was carried out by using B3 LYP method in density functional theory（DFT） at 6-31G（d, p） basis set, and the natural bonding orbital（NBO） analysis was carried out on the basis of optimized configuration. The analysis result of differential scanning calorimetry（DSC） shows that the decomposition temperature of 5-nitro-3-trinitromethyl-1H-1,2,4-triazole is 135 ℃ at 10 ℃/min heating rate.

关 键 词：5–硝基–3–三硝甲基–1H–1 2 4–三唑 含能材料 硝化 密度泛函 

分 类 号：TQ560.1[化学工程—炸药化工]