罗马法上要物合同范畴的厘定：渊源与启示  

Definition of the Category of the Real Contract in Roman Laws: Origin and Inspiration

作　　者：蒋军洲[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国政法大学民商经济法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2015年第3期27-34,共8页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：河南省重点学科民商法学的建设成果;河南工业大学哲学社会科学繁荣计划项目“合意主义体系下的要物合同制度研究”(项目编号2012FRJH11)的阶段性成果;河南省省属高校基本科研业务费专项资金资助项目(项目编号2014YWQN17)

摘　　要：罗马法学家对要物合同范畴的提炼一方面是以消费借贷为基础的,另一方面是以该范畴与其他合同范畴的不同为依据的。这两个参考因素带给我们这样的理论认知,要物合同的硬核为协议加给托付物。协议是其目的性要素,"给"是其产生根据,"托付物"是其产生背景。正因此,其典型类型是消费借贷、使用借贷、寄托与质押,无名合同不是真正的要物合同。在界定要物合同时,认为以完成其他给付为成立要件的合同也是要物合同是反历史的。The definition of the category of the real contract by roman jurists is based on the contract of lending for consumption that is the mutuum, as well as the difference between such basis and other contract categories. The theoretical conception drawn from these two factors is that the core of real contract is an agree- ment and delivery of the res credita in which the agreement acts as the purpose, ＂delivery＂ accounts for oc- currence, and the ＂res credita＂ is the context of occurrence. Therefore, typical real contracts are mutuum, commodatum, depositum and pignus, while the innominate contracts are not real contacts actually. To define the real contract, it is anti -historic to consider contracts in which the constitutive elements including the ful- fillment of other delivery as real contracts.

关 键 词：罗马法 要物合同 无名合同 

分 类 号：DF521[政治法律—民商法学]