共同正犯“部分实行全部责任”的法理及适用  

Legal Reasoning and Applications of “Partially Assumption of Whole Liabilities” by the Joint Principal Offenders

作　　者：陈洪兵[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京师范大学法学院

出　　处：《北方法学》2015年第3期43-52,共10页Northern Legal Science

基　　金：中国法学会2014年度部级法学研究课题"中国式的刑法竞合问题研究"[项目编号CLS(2014)D039];"江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目"的研究成果

摘　　要：根据因果共犯论,共同正犯"部分实行全部责任"归责原则的法理根据在于各行为与法益侵害结果之间的因果性。我国立法明确否定共同过失犯罪,故解释论上难以肯定过失共同正犯,但司法实务中所讨论的过失共同正犯的实例,常常存在回避结果发生的义务违反,因而完全可以以过失的同时犯对结果承担责任;肇事"逃逸"的罪过形式是故意而非过失,故指使"逃逸"可以成立共犯。只要片面行为与结果之间存在物理的因果性,就应肯定片面共同正犯的成立。承继共犯正犯否定说是因果共犯论的当然归结,因而利用被害人不能反抗的状态中途参与取财的,仅成立盗窃罪共同正犯,而非抢劫罪共同正犯;未参与盗窃仅事后参与暴力的,不成立事后抢劫的共犯。In accordance with the causation theory on joint principal offenders, these offenders should par- tially assume the whole liabilities according to such legal principle that there is causality between individual con- ducts and infringement of legal interests. Since the joint negligent offenders are specifically negated by legisla- tion in China, the joint negligent principal offenders practice due to violating obligations to avoid damage are hard to understand by interpretive theory. However, in from occurring, the concurrent negligent offenders can be definitely convicted to assume liabilities. The mentality of ＂escaping＂ from traffic accidents is deliberate rather than negligent, so the conduct of instructing ＂escaping＂ can tially joint principal offenders should be convicted so long as be convicted as joint offenders. Therefore, the par- the partial conduct has physical causality with dam- ages. The negation of successive joint principal offenders is a natural conclusion reached by causation theory of joint offenders, thus in case the victim cannot resist, the offender who participates in obtaining property can be only convicted as the joint principal offender of theft rather than of robbery. Accordingly, offenders participating violence afterwards rather than stealing cannot be convicted as joint offenders for afterwards robbery.

关 键 词：共同正犯 部分实行全部责任 过失共同正犯 片面共同正犯 承继共同正犯 

分 类 号：DF611[政治法律—刑法学]