星球表面探测用核反应堆电源初步研究  

Preliminary Study on Nuclear Reactor Power Source for Planetary Surface Explorations

作　　者：彭磊[1] 谢奇林[2] 范晓强[2] 梁文峰[2] 任保国[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国电子科技集团公司第十八研究所,天津300384 [2]中国工程物理研究院核物理与化学研究所,绵阳621900

出　　处：《载人航天》2015年第3期237-242,共6页Manned Spaceflight

摘　　要：空间核反应堆电源能在缺乏太阳光照的环境中满足大功率、长时间供电的需求,美国和俄罗斯均将其确定为空间技术中优先发展的重点。对此背景,以安全可靠、技术可行和整体最优为原则,结合美国、苏/俄研发经验,对用于星球表面探测的空间核反应堆电源进行了初步研究。通过对反应堆、控制与保护、屏蔽,以及热电能量转换和传热散热的分析,提出了采用UO2燃料的快堆、液体碱金属或热管冷却、斯特林或温差电能量转换的初步选型,并提出了核反应堆电源发射和在星球表面布置的初步实现过程,可为星球表面核反应堆电源设计提供基础。Space nuclear reactor power source can satisfy the electrical power demands for high power levels and long periods in the environment where sunlight is lacking.It is identified by US and Russia as a key of high-priority in space technologies.Nuclear reactor power source for planetary surface explorations was preliminarily studied based on the principle of safety and reliability,technical feasibility and systemic optimization,considering the research and development experiences of US and Soviet Union/Russia.The reactor,control and protection,shield,thermal to electrical energy conversion and heat transfer and dissipation were analyzed.A preliminary scheme adopting fast reactor using UO2 fuels,liquid alkali-metal or heat pipe cooling,and Stirling or thermoelectric energy conversion was proposed,and the preliminary procedure for the launch and deployment on planetary surfaces of nuclear reactor power source was also put forward,which could provide a basis for the design of nuclear reactor power sources for planetary surfaces.

关 键 词：空间电源 核反应堆 深空探测 星球表面 

分 类 号：V442[航空宇航科学与技术—飞行器设计]