洱海缓冲带土壤特性的空间分布  

Spatial Variability of Soil Properties in Erhai Lake Buffer Belt

作　　者：张闻涛[1] 邢奕[1] 卢少勇[2] 赵斌[2] 薛巍[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京科技大学土木与环境工程学院,北京100083 [2]中国环境科学研究院环境基准与风险评估国家重点实验室国家环境保护湖泊污染控制重点实验室湖泊环境研究中心洞庭湖生态观测研究站湖泊工程技术中心,北京100012

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2015年第2期147-150,F0003,共5页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项"洱海低污染水处理及缓冲带构建关键技术及工程示范(2012ZX07105-002);水陆交错带水生植被重建工程技术研究"(2013ZX07101-014);中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务专项(2012-YSKY-14)

摘　　要：[目的]了解洱海缓冲带内土壤特性空间分布状况,进而为缓冲带面源污染治理、精细农业与植被布局等提供参考。[方法]采集80个缓冲带表层土壤样品,测定其含水率、有机质、全磷、全氮、氨氮和硝氮的含量,并应用传统统计学和地统计学方法对数据进行分析。[结果](1)土壤中含水率、有机质、全磷、全氮、氨氮和硝氮各项统计特性均通过K—S检验,呈正态分布;(2)洱海缓冲带土壤中养分水平较高;氨氮和硝氮的变异系数大于100%,属强变异性;(3)有机质南部略低,东西向呈东西高,中部低,全氮、全磷南北向呈南北低,中部高,东西向变化不大;(4)有机质表现出强烈的空间相关性,而全氮和全磷空间相关性弱。[结论]缓冲带农田格局和迁移转化是影响土壤特性空间分布的两个重要因素。[Objective]In order to study the spatial variability of soil properties in the buffer belt of Erhai Lake,and then provide reference for controlling non-point source pollution and pricision agricultural planning and layout.[Methods]80soil samples in the buffer belt of Erhai Lake were collected.Soil moisture,total soil organic matter,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were measured.The spatial distribution patterns of soil parameters were analyzed by using traditional statistical and geostatistical methods.[Results]（1）All statistical characteristics passed through the K—Stest and thus indicated normal distribution;（2）The nutrient contents in the soil were high.The coefficient of variation of ammonia nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen were higher than 100%,indicating a strong variability;.（3）Soil organic matter in south was slightly lower than that in north.In east-west direction,organic matter in the east and west was higher than that in the middle.By contrast,the content of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in south and north was lower than that in the middle;（4）Total soil organic matter showed a strong spatial correlation,whereas total nitrogen and total phosphorus showed weak spatial correlations.[Conclusion]Farmland layout and the migration and conversion of the buffer zone were two important factors affecting the spatial variability of soil properties.

关 键 词：洱海 土壤 有机质 氮 磷 

分 类 号：X53[环境科学与工程—环境工程]