使用熵权法划分污染重点区域及识别主要污染因子  

Key Polluted Area Division and Main Pollution Factors Identification Using Entropy Method

作　　者：朱春燕[1] 梁新强[1] 周柯锦[2] 郭茹[1] 苑俊丽 金熠[1] 茹秋凯 

机构地区：[1]浙江大学环境与资源学院环境保护研究所,浙江杭州310058 [2]浙江省环境监测中心,浙江杭州310015

出　　处：《水土保持通报》2015年第2期213-218,共6页Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation

基　　金：国家水体污染控制与治理科技重大专项"太湖流域(浙江片区)累积源强风险过程及机制研究"(2012ZX07506-006-03);国家自然科学基金项目(41271314)

摘　　要：[目的]对嘉兴市污染重点区域进行划分,并探明该区域主要污染因子。[方法]在嘉兴市及周边地区的主要河道上设置29个监测断面,监测指标包括CODCr,大肠杆菌总数,TN,NH＋4—N和TP。再利用熵权法将多个水质参数转化为一个综合指数,通过对综合指数进行分析。[结果]嘉兴市TN,TP超标严重,浓度范围分别为2.60~10.52mg/L,0.60~5.68mg/L,均超过地表水水质标准（GB3838—2002）中的Ⅴ类标准。29个监测点的水质综合指数范围为1.61~8.69。嘉兴市的海盐县、平湖市交界处以及秀洲区中部综合污染最严重,以此为中心向外污染程度逐渐降低,桐乡、海宁西部及嘉善县北部相对污染最轻。研究区中TP为主要污染因子,CODCr,大肠杆菌总数次之。[结论]在污染总体较严重的地区,水质综合指数法可以较好地体现区域间污染程度的差异,通过比较同一监测点不同水质参数对综合指数的贡献还可获得区域主要污染因子。[Objective]To find out the key polluted area and identify the main pollution factors of Jiaxing City.[Methods]We set up 29 monitoring sections in the main river in Jiaxing City and the surrounding area and indicators of CODCr,E.coli,TN,TP and NH＋4—N were monitored.These multiple water quality parameters were combined into a comprehensive index using entropy weight method.[Results]TN,TP of Jiaxing City outranged seriously of the quality standards（GB3838—2002）in Ⅴ class standard.The concentrations ranged 2.60~10.52 mg/L,0.60~5.68 mg/L.Comprehensive index of water quality of the 29 monitoring points ranged as 1.61~8.69.The most serious pollution of the region is at the junction of Haiyan County and Pinghu City,and Central Xiuzhou District.Other districts around the key polluted region had a decreased pollution.Tongxiang,Western Haining and the northern part of Jiashan County is relatively less polluted.TP was identified as the main pollution factors,CODCr,E.coli followed.[Conclusion]In more serious polluted areas,water quality index method can better describe the pollution differences among different areas.The contribution of different water quality parameters to the comprehensive index can identify the main pollution factors.

关 键 词：水质综合评价 熵权法 水质分布 重点污染因子 

分 类 号：X824[环境科学与工程—环境工程]