濒危野生动植物药材非法贸易调查  

Survey on Illegal Trade in Endangered Medicinal Species in China's Traditional Chinese Medicine Wholesale Markets

作　　者：尹峰[1,2] 梦梦 徐玲 刘定震[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国野生动物保护协会,北京100714 [2]北京师范大学生命科学院,北京100875 [3]国际野生物贸易研究组织中国项目,北京100006

出　　处：《林业资源管理》2015年第2期24-30,共7页Forest Resources Management

基　　金：中国-欧盟生物多样性项目(C/IV/S/11/261)

摘　　要：对10个药材市场上的沉香、冬虫夏草、肉苁蓉、蛤蚧、乌梢蛇、蕲蛇、金钱白花蛇、玳瑁、熊胆、麝香、虎骨、豹骨、犀牛角、羚羊角和穿山甲片等15种常用或曾用的濒危物种药材进行实地调查,结果表明:对国家明令禁止贸易的濒危物种药材公开摆卖现象并不突出,但其地下交易具有普遍性;虎豹骨和犀牛角的贸易已非常少见,仅0.8%和1.4%的药材经营者声称有售,而且他们都提及了贸易禁令,显示出从业人员较强的保护意识;"中国野生动物经营利用管理专用标识制度"的推行,在一定程度上遏制了标识物种药材的非法贸易;药市上部分濒危物种药材来自境外,走私现象依然存在。针对调查中存在的问题,建议修改和完善相应的法律法规、加大执法能力建设和打击力度、加强贸易和市场的监测、开展公众教育,以遏制药用濒危野生动植物药材的非法贸易。In this survey,10 Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)wholesale markets in China were visi-ted and 15 endangered medicinal species were recorded.The species include Aquilaria Spp.,Cordyceps sinensis,Cistanche Spp,Gekko gecko,Zaocys dhumnades,Agkistrodon acutus,Bungarus multicinctus, Hawksbill (Eretmochelys imbricata)shell,Bear (Ursus thibetanus and U.arctos)bile,Musk (Moschus spp.),Tiger(Panthera tigris)bone,Leopard (Panthera pardus,Neofelis nebulosa and Uncia uncia,) bone,Rhino(Rhinoceros spp.)horn,Saiga(Saiga tatarica)horn and Pangolin(Manis spp.)scale.The investigation shows that the open illegal wildlife trade is not serious,however it is still common in black market.Very little tiger bone,leopard bone and rhino horn was found,only 0.8% and 1.4% dealers claimed to have tiger bone and rhino horn for sale,all of them mentioned the 1993 trade ban.The imple-mentation of Special Mark System of China Wildlife Management and Utilization has succeeded in de-creasing the illegal trade marked medicinal species.Some endangered medicinal species come from other countries.We suggest that modification of laws or regulations,improving law enforcement effectiveness, establishment the market and trade monitoring system and improving public awareness of wildlife conser-vation are required to reduce the illegal trade.

关 键 词：濒危野生动植物药材 药材市场 非法贸易 

分 类 号：D922.68[政治法律—环境与资源保护法学] F724[政治法律—法学]