基于秸秆全量还田的不同耕作方法下稻麦生产的碳效率及收益评估  

An Evaluation of Carbon Efficiency and Economic Income for Rcie and Wheat Production under Different Farming Methods with Full Straw Returning

作　　者：薛亚光[1] 刘建[1] 魏亚凤[1] 李波[1] 汪波[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,江苏如皋226541

出　　处：《农学学报》2015年第5期6-13,共8页Journal of Agriculture

基　　金：江苏省农业科技自主创新基金项目"稻田条带耕作低碳生产及周年高产关键技术研究"[CX(12)3040];"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目"长江三角洲集约农区循环技术集成与示范"(2012BAD14B12);南通市应用研究计划项目"稻草还田腐解过程中化感物质鉴定及其对小麦化感效应的研究"(BK2014021)

摘　　要：为探明江苏稻麦轮作农业的固碳减排效应,以江苏沿江地区稻麦两熟田块为研究对象,利用基于秸秆全量还田的不同耕作方法下(麦稻宽行交互保护性耕作技术模式和稻麦周年机械化耕作方式)作物产量、系统物质投入以及人工投入等资料,估算稻麦生产的碳投入、碳产出、碳效率以及经济收益。结果表明:保护性耕作方式和机械化耕作方式下稻麦轮作系统年度碳投入总量分别为1836.3 kg/hm2和2290.5 kg/hm2,保护性耕作的种子、化肥以及机械的碳投入较低,但劳动力碳投入高于机械化耕作方式。2种耕作方式的年度碳产出总量分别为18.23 t/hm2和16.15 t/hm2,保护性耕作较机械化耕作增加了12.9%。年度的碳效率在两者之间也存在差异,保护性耕作的生产效率、生态效率以及经济效率分别较机械化耕作提高了40.4%、40.8%和40.3%。另外,保护性耕作的年度纯收益为20.25×103元/hm2,较机械化耕作增加了22.8%。研究结果表明秸秆全量还田下采取保护性耕作方法既可以提高碳效率也能增加经济收益,取得环境效益和经济效益的双赢。In order to investigate carbon sequestration potential of rice-wheat rotation system in Jiangsu Province, the rice-wheat cropping fields along Yangtze River in Jiangsu province were chosen to estimate the carbon input, carbon output, carbon efficiency and economic income in rice and wheat production. The research was based on data of grain yield, material and labor inputs under different farming methods which were wheat-rice wide-row alternative protective farming mode and annual mechanized farming for rice and wheat with full straw returning. The results showed that the amount of annual carbon input under protective farming （PF） and mechanized farming （MF） were 1836.3 kg/hm2 and 2290.5 kg/hm2, respectively. Compared with MF, carbon inputs of seeds, chemical fertilizer and machinery under PF were lower, but carbon input of labor was higher. The annual carbon output under PF and MF were 18.23 t/hm2 and 16.15 t/hm2, respectively, and PF had 12.9% more annual carbon output than MF. There was also significant difference between PF and MF in annual carbon efficiency. Compared with MF, PF increased production efficiency, ecological efficiency and economic efficiency of carbon by 40.4%, 40.8% and 40.3%, respectively. Besides, the annual net income of PF reached 20.25 × 103 yuan/hm2 and was 22.8% more than that of MF. The results indicated that the protective farming method with full straw returning could increase carbon efficiency and economic income and achieve a win-win situation of environment benefit and economic benefit.

关 键 词：秸秆还田 保护性耕作 碳效率 经济收益 

分 类 号：S344[农业科学—作物栽培与耕作技术]