植物叶面滞留颗粒物的数量和质量特征及方法比较  

Quantity and Mass of Particulate Matter Retained on Tree Leaves and Determination Methods

作　　者：杨佳[1,2] 王会霞[1] 谢滨泽 王彦辉[1] 石辉[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国林业科学研究院森林生态环境与保护研究所,北京100091 [2]西安建筑科技大学环境与市政工程学院,陕西西安710055

出　　处：《生态与农村环境学报》2015年第3期440-444,共5页Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment

基　　金：国家林业公益性行业科研专项(201304301-05)

摘　　要：为定量认识并寻找可能方法来弥补或修正目前常用的水洗-滤膜法测定植物叶面滞尘能力的不足,更加直观和准确地反映叶面滞尘能力,选择北京市相对清洁的北京植物园和污染严重的国贸桥2个地点,利用环境扫描电镜测定了大叶黄杨(Euonymus japonicas)、国槐(Sophora japonica)、毛白杨(Populus tomentosa)、银杏(Ginkgo biloba)和紫叶李(Prunus cerasifera)5个树种的上、下叶表面滞留的颗粒物(PM)数量和粒径组成,计算出单位植物叶面积滞尘量,并与水洗-滤膜法进行比较。结果表明:植物叶面滞留的颗粒物数量以PM<10(粒径<10μm的颗粒物)为主,占总数的90%以上;污染严重的国贸桥叶表滞留的PM<2.5数量高于相对清洁的北京植物园;采用颗粒物计数法与水洗-滤膜法测定得到的叶面滞尘量之间存在显著线性关系,但两者数值相差很大。有必要进行严格的控制实验来确定导致差异的主要原因与机制,并藉此提出水洗-滤膜法的修正技术或发展多种方法的联合运用技术。Since the current washing-membrance-filtering method is not good enough to determine dust-retaining capacityof plant leaves, it is essential to quantitatively define some new potential methods to make up or amend shortages of thecurrent method and to determine intuitively and accurately dust-retaining capacity of plant leaves. Two sampling sites, theBeijing Botanical Garden and Guomao Bridge, in Beijing were selected. The former is relatively clean and the latter severe-ly polluted. Leaves were collected from Euonymus japonicas, Sophora japonica, Populus tomentosa, Ginkgo biloba andPrunus cerasifera in the two sites in Beijing for determination of quantity and particle-size composition of particulate matter（PM） detained on the upper and lower surfaces of the leaves with a scanning electron microscope and then quantity of de-tained PM per unit leaf area was calculated for comparison with that obtained by the washing-membrance-filtering method.It was found that the PM on leaf surfaces was dominated by the PM〈10（PM with diameter less than 10 μm）, which accoun-ted for over 90% of the total quantity of particles. The leaf surfaces of the investigated trees growing at the heavily pollutedsite （Guomao Bridge） had more PM

关 键 词：颗粒物数量 滞尘能力 水洗-滤膜法 

分 类 号：X513[环境科学与工程—环境工程]