国道309线周边植物表型可塑性浅析  

Analysis of Plant Phenotypic Plasticity Around the 309th National Highway

作　　者：王丹[1] 关洋[2] 苟海刚[1] 杨岁芹 魏笑[1] 靳千千 张琛[1] 屈越强 

机构地区：[1]长安大学环境科学与工程学院,西安710054 [2]西安科技大学地质与环境学院,西安710054

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第13期217-223,共7页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：交通运输部科技项目"低碳环保和安全智能技术在宝汉高速公路的推广应用"子课题山区"高速公路生态环保技术应用"(2012318361110);长安大学2014年大学生创新创业训练计划"几种边坡植物对高速公路污染的可塑性响应"(201410710109)

摘　　要：公路周边的植物受到交通污染后,在响应异质性生境的过程中,会出现表型方面的改变。基于国道309线周边植物多样性调查,对各样地植物的根长、株高、叶面积、根冠比等性状与土壤含水量、交通量和滞尘量进行测定和相关性分析,结果表明:样地内植物种类主要有茵陈蒿、灰绿藜、艾草、野老鹤草及复盆子5类,其中优势种为茵陈蒿、灰绿藜和艾草。样地公路段系双车道二级公路,路侧植物的路距与灰绿藜的叶片滞尘量关系紧密;样地土壤含水量与植物表型可塑性指标呈现一定的相关性,即随着含水量减小,植物根长、叶面积、根冠比及植物多样性指数均增大,但株高减少。样地中不同植物的根长、株高、叶面积和根冠比等表型可塑性指标也差异明显,表现出对异质性生境不同的适应性。Phenotypic plasticity is a given genotype which can produce different phenotypes in variousenvironmental conditions.Due to traffic pollution from highways,the change of plant phenotypic plasticitycomes as the response to the heterogeneous habitats.Plant phenotypic plasticity is an important ecologicalindex to reflect the biological adaptive capacity of plants to different environmental conditions.Based on thesurvey of plant diversity in sample areas around the 309 th national highway,the author not only measuredseveral phenotypic plasticity indexes including the plant height,root length,leaf area and root-shoot ratio,butalso investigated environmental parameters such as soil water content,traffic volume and the amount of dustabsorption.The effects of traffic pollution on the plant phenotypic plasticity were analyzed in details.Theresults indicated that there were five kinds of plant in the sample areas including Artemisia capillaris Thunb.,Chenopodium glaucum L.,Artemisia argyi H.Lév. Vaniot,Geranium carolinianum L.,Rubus idaeus L.,among which the dominant species were Artemisia capillaris Thunb.,Chenopodium glaucum L.and Artemisia argyi H.Lév. Vaniot.Through the traffic volume statistics,sample highway section was classified as two-lane secondary roads.The distance from highway had a close relationship with the dust absorption amount ofthe leaves of Chenopodium glaucum L..The correlation between the soil water content and the plant phenotypicplasticity index was that many phenotypic plasticity data,such as the plant root length,leaf area,root to shootratio and the plant multifarious index,increased with the decreasing of soil water content,while the plantheight decreased.Several plants showed significant differences of phenotypic plasticity in different sample areas,such as plant height,root length,leaf area,root-shoot ratio and etc.,indicating their unique suitability toheterogeneous habitats.

关 键 词：公路污染 表型可塑性 植物生长 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]