微生物菌剂对连栋大棚土壤养分及硝态氮累积的影响  

Effects of Biological Bacterial Manure on Soil Nutrient and Nitrate-N Accumulation in Greenhouse

作　　者：罗玉兰[1] 田龚[1] 张冬梅[1] 郝瑞军[1] 王慈华 

机构地区：[1]上海市园林科学研究所,上海200232 [2]上海玉兰园林工程有限公司,上海201514

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第13期224-228,共5页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：上海市科技兴农重点攻关项目"不同立地条件下农林特色植物配套技术集成研究与示范"(沪农科攻字(2011)第3-2号)

摘　　要：笔者利用微生物菌剂对长期废弃的2hm^2大棚进行改良处理，通过测定试验前土壤重金属、农药残留情况和土壤基本理化性状，以及处理后土壤pH、EC、有机质、有效磷、硝态氮含量的变化，分析不同施肥处理对土壤养分的改良效果以及对硝态氮累积的影响。研究结果表明：农村废弃大棚土壤重金属含量低于《土壤环境质量标准》的二级限值和《农用污泥中污染物控制标准》的限值，农药残留含量小于《土壤环境质量标准》的二级限值；对照、有机肥和菌剂复合处理使0-5cm表层土壤pH上升；有机质、菌肥、有机肥和菌剂复合处理能提高土壤EC值以及土壤养分含量，且与对照存在着差异；3个施肥处理增加了表层的硝态氮含量，存在着表聚现象，但在5-30cm土层中，各处理土壤硝态氮含量比试验前均减少。可得出结论，该地块没有受到重金属和农药残留污染；在不同施肥处理中，施用有机肥＋菌剂复合处理能显著提高土壤pH、有机质、有效磷含量，降低5-30cm土层中硝态氮含量。The author used biological bacterial manure to improve a 2 hm^2 greenhouse which was abandoned for a long time. The soil heavy metal contents, the pesticide residue condition, the soil basic physical and chemical properties before the test, and soil pH, EC, organic carbon, available P and nitrate-N changes after the test were measured. The author analyzed the soil nutrient improvement effect and nitrate-N accumulation after different treatments. The results showed that the contents of heavy metal were lower than the secondary limit level of ＂Environmental Quality Standard for Soils＂ and the ＂Controlling Standards for Pollutants in Agricultural Sludge＂. The contents of pesticide residue were also lower than the secondary limit level of ＂Environmental Quality Standard for Soils＂. Soil pH in 0-5 cm layer of CK, organic fertilizer and biological bacterial manure treatments increased. Soil EC and soil nutrient of organic fertilizer treatment, microorganism fertilizer and organic fertilizer treatment and biological bacterial manure treatment increased. They all had differences with CK. The contents of nitrate-N in topsoil in those 3 treatments increased and showed a surface aggregation phenomenon. But the contents of nitrate-N in 5-30 cm layer were less than before in this test. From the results we could come to the conclusion that this plot was not polluted by heavy metal and pesticide residue. The organic fertilizer and biological bacterial manure treatment could increase soil pH, organic carbon, available P content and decrease nitrate-N content in 5-30 cm layer.

关 键 词：微生物菌剂 连栋大棚 土壤养分 硝态氮 

分 类 号：S144.1[农业科学—肥料学]