甘蓝型油菜抗菌核病研究进展  

Progress on Resistance to the Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Brassica napus

作　　者：刘正立[1,2] 刘春林[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]湖南农业大学农学院,长沙410128 [2]湖南省作物种质创新与资源利用重点实验室,长沙410128

出　　处：《中国农学通报》2015年第15期114-123,共10页Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：国家支撑计划课题"油料作物种质资源发掘与创新利用"(2013BAD01B03-10);国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)课题"油菜高产油量形成的分子生物学机制"(2015CB150206)

摘　　要：油菜是主要油料作物之一,由核盘菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum(Lib.)de Bary)引起的菌核病(sclerotinia stem rot)是油菜的主要病害。针对当前与菌核病相关研究的新进展,本研究从4个方面对其进行了概括:(1)核盘菌的侵染方式以及在侵染过程中核盘菌分泌的草酸与寄主中钙离子的动态关系;(2)油菜通过合成植保素、酚类化合物、木质素、几丁质酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶等来抵抗核盘菌入侵的抗病机理;(3)现有综合防治技术中抗性种质筛选、无花瓣育种和生物防治;(4)利用与草酸代谢相关基因、抗病相关基因、防御相关转录因子基因和抗菌肽基因开展的油菜基因工程研究成果。并且进一步提出了未来油菜抗菌核病研究的可能方向,这些总结与建议为今后油菜抗菌核病研究提供了有益参考。Brassica napus was one of the major oil crops in the world. Sclerotinia stem rot was the main disease of Brassica napus caused by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum （Lib.） de Bary. In view of the current research progresses on sclerotinia stem rot, four related aspects were summarized in this paper： （1） the infection mode of Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and the dynamic relationship between oxalic acid secreted by Sclerotinia sclerotiorum and calcium ions in host; （2） the resistance mechanism of oilseed rape to sclerotinia stem rot by using synthesizing phytoalexin, phenolic compounds, lignin, chitinase and β-1,3-glucanase; （3） resistant germplasm selection, apetalous breeding and microbial control in the comprehensive control techniques; （4） the research achievements in gene engineering by transforming oilseed rape with the genes relative to oxalic acid metabolism, pathogen resistance, defense-related transcription regulation factor and antibiotic peptide. Possible directions for future study on resistance to the sclerotinia stem rot of oilseed rape were further put forward and references were provided.

关 键 词：甘蓝型油菜 核盘菌侵染 油菜防御 抗病技术与工程 

分 类 号：S43[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]