走出语音中心主义——对汉民族文字性质的哲学思考  

Out of Phone-centrism: Philosophical Reflections on the Nature of Chinese Language and Writing

作　　者：顾明栋[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]扬州大学外国语学院,扬州225009 [2]德州大学人文艺术学院

出　　处：《复旦学报（社会科学版）》2015年第3期80-89,共10页Fudan Journal（Social Sciences）

摘　　要：西方的语言理论认为,语言是思维的表征,文字只是语言的记录,而不是语言。这一理论的哲学基础是西方的逻格斯中心主义:在场先于而且优于不在场,说出的言语是在场,书写的文字是不在场,因此,言语比文字重要,文字是言语的奴仆。这种认为文字附属于口语、口语优于文字的观点,就是语音中心主义。尽管中西方学者、知识分子以及政治家们可能并不了解或接受这些语言理论,但他们在汉语文字性质问题上的看法,与这些理论殊途同归,不谋而合,对认识汉语文字的性质以及制订语言政策产生了相当大的影响。从语音中心论的兴起分析其在历史上对汉语文字研究的影响,以及中西学者关于汉语文字的持久争论,可以揭示其如何影响了对汉语文字性质和特征的理解以及语言政策的制定,并进而为准确把握汉语的本质提供认识论方面的概念性思考。Western linguistic theory holds that language is a representation of thinking and writing is only a copy of language, not a language per se. The philosophical foundation of this theory is the Western tradition＇s logo-centrism, which privileges presence over absence. Because spoken speech is regarded as more important than writing, which appendix to speech which is superior to writing is called language is viewed as presence and writing as absence, is but a servant to ＂phono-centrism. ＂ language. This view of writing as an Although many Chinese and Western scholars, intellectuals, and statesmen may not know or accept this linguistic theory, their views on the nature of Chinese language and writing share the same orientation and exert a great impact on the understanding of Chinese language and writing and on the on the study of Chinese language making as well of language policies. By analyzing the rise of phono-centrism and its influence as the lasting controversy over Chinese writing involving Chinese and Western scholars, we may be able to reveal how p characteristic features of Chinese language and reflections on how to accurately grasp the real hono-centrism has influenced our understandings of the nature and the decision makings for language reforms, thereby providing conceptual conditions of Chinese language.

关 键 词：汉语文字 文字学 语言哲学 语音中心主义 逻格斯中心主义 

分 类 号：H1-0[语言文字—汉语]