宇宙真空学的发展  

Advance of Emerging Space Vacuum Science

作　　者：达道安[1] 杨亚天[2] 

机构地区：[1]兰州空间技术物理研究所,兰州730000 [2]福建师范大学物理系,福州350007

出　　处：《真空科学与技术学报》2015年第5期515-527,共13页Chinese Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology

摘　　要：研究了真空科学技术发展及应用的历史过程,建立了宇宙真空学。宇宙真空学是研究行星表面以上空间大气分布规律、行星大气逃逸理论、航天器周围的真空环境特性及宇宙真空测量理论与技术、宇宙真空的物理本质等的学科。本文系统地叙述了作者创立《宇宙真空学》的逻辑思维、建立模型的物理概念以及理论推导的数学技巧。给出了行星大气密度分布理论、行星大气逃逸理论、宇宙真空测量理论及宇宙真空的物理本质等方面的研究结果。作为理论应用的实例,计算了太阳系行星的大气密度分布,地球、金星、火星、月球大气的总质量及大气逃逸寿命,月球、火星表面水存在可能性的理论分析,与实际观测结果符合。宇宙真空学对空间应用及行星探测工作有重要的理论和实际指导作用。An emerging space vacuum science, initiated by the author, was tentatively discussed in a thought provok- ing way, based on the history of research, development and applications of vacuum science and technology. Space Vacuum Science studies a variety of important issues, including but not limited to the atmosphere distributions on the planet,escape of planetary atmosphere, vacuum characteristics of the spacecraft ambient, space-vacuum measurement techniques, and the physical nature of space vacuum. The discussions focused on： （ i ） The concepts of the physical models and mathematical derivations; （ ii ） Theories governing density distribution of planet＇ s atmosphere, mechanisms accomlting for escape of the planet＇s atmosphere, operation principles responsible for cosmic vacuum measurement techniques, and indepth understanding of the Space Vacuum; and （ iii ） The calculated results of the atmospheric density distributions of nine solar planets, total atmospheric mass of the Earth, Venus, Mars, and the moon, the life-time of their atmospheres, and possibility of water existence on the moon and Mars. The calculated and observed results were found to be in good agreement.

关 键 词：宇宙真空 行星大气 大气逃逸方程 火星水 月球水 

分 类 号：TB7[一般工业技术—真空技术] TB79