自转向酸稠化剂两性双子表面活性剂的合成及酸岩反应动力学研究  

Synthesis of zwitterionic gemini surfactant as the self-diverting acid thickener and research of acid rock reaction kinetics experiment

作　　者：陈馥[1] 罗娇[1] 吴柯颖 

机构地区：[1]西南石油大学化学化工学院,四川成都610500

出　　处：《应用化工》2015年第5期799-803,809,共6页Applied Chemical Industry

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(51304169)

摘　　要：以乙二胺、溴代十四烷、氯乙酸钠和碘甲烷为原料,经烷基取代、羧基取代、季铵化三步反应合成了十四烷基羧基甜菜碱型双子表面活性剂SCB-14。烷基取代反应条件为:n(乙二胺):n(溴代十四烷)=1∶2,温度70℃,时间6 h,产率83%;羧基取代反应条件为:n(二元仲胺)∶n(氯乙酸钠)=1∶3.8,温度90℃,时间10 h,产率80%;季铵化反应条件为:n(二元叔胺)∶n(碘甲烷)=1∶8,温度35℃,时间8 h,产率73%。SCB-14的水溶液在25℃测得CMC为3.28×10-5mol/L,表面张力为29.46 m N/m。在温度80℃,剪切速率170 s-1,盐酸质量分数5%,SCB-14加量5%的条件下,SCB-14的残酸黏度达162 m Pa·s。利用旋转岩盘测定,SCB-14酸液体系和盐酸体系的酸岩反应动力学参数,证实SCB-14酸液体系具有增黏性能,降低了酸岩反应速率,有利于增长酸蚀作用距离。A type of zwitterionic gemini surfactant SCB-14 was synthesized with ethylenediamine, 1-bromo- tetradecane, sodium chloroacetate, iodomethane as the main starting materials. The main reaction includes alkylation, earboxyl substitution and quaterisation. In the alkylation process, the optimum reaction condi- tions were ascertained as follows ： n （ethylenediamine） ： n （ 1 -bromotetradecane） = 1 ： 2, the reaction tak- ing place at 70 ℃ for 6 h ,the yield was 83%. In the carboxyl substitution process,the optimum reaction conditions were ascertained as follows：n（ dual secondary amine） ： n（ sodium chloroacetate） = 1：3.8 ,the reaction taking place at 90 ℃ for 10 h, the yield was 80%. In the quaterisation process, the optimum reac- tion conditions were ascertained as follows：n（ dual tertiary amine） ：n （iodomethane） = 1：8, the reaction taking place at 35 ℃ for 8 h,the yield was 73%. The critical micelle concentration（CMC） is 3.28 x 10-5 mol/L and TcMc is 29.46 mN/m at 25 ℃ in aqueous solution. At a shear rate of 170 s-1 ,the viscosi- ty of SCB-14 is 162 mPa s at 80 ℃ when the dosage of SCB-14 is 5% （ mass fraction） and the mass fraction of hydrochloric acid is 5%. The rotating rock is used to determinate acid-rock reaction kinetic pa- rameters of SCB-14 acidizing fluid system and hydrochloric acid. The result show that high-viscosity acid reduce the acid-rock reaction and increase the etching effective distance.

关 键 词：两性双子表面活性剂 自转向酸 表面活性 酸液稠化剂 酸岩反应 反应动力学 

分 类 号：TQ423.3[化学工程] TQ031.2