降尘对棉花营养特性的影响  

Effects of Different Dustfall Level on Charactertics of Nutrition in Cotton

作　　者：莫治新[1] 温善菊[2] 

机构地区：[1]喀什师范学院化学与环境科学系,新疆喀什844006 [2]塔里木大学植物科学学院,新疆阿拉尔843300

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2015年第5期50-52,57,共4页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(30900206);喀什师范学院校内项目(142512)

摘　　要：模拟研究了降尘对温室棉花营养特性的影响,旨在确定降尘对棉花的营养作用,为降尘区棉花合理施肥及管理提供依据。结果表明:初蕾期—铃期,受到降尘影响的棉花植株氮素含量均高于不受降尘影响时,而在吐絮期,受到0.5倍自然降尘量影响时棉花植株氮素含量达到最大值。在各个生育期受降尘影响的棉花植株磷素含量均高于不受降尘影响,其中在初蕾期—铃期,受到0.5倍降尘影响时棉花植株磷素含量达到最大值;而在吐絮期则表现为受到2倍降尘量影响时达到最大值。在各个生育期,受到降尘影响时棉花植株钾素含量均下降,说明降尘影响棉花的品质,并且对各生育期的影响效果不同。因此,在初蕾期、盛蕾期、花期和铃期可以根据降尘中氮素的含量相应地减少氮肥施用量,而在吐絮期应适量增加氮肥施用量;棉花磷肥的施用可以根据降尘中磷素的含量而适量减少,达到节肥增产的目的;钾素含量的下降直接影响棉花的纤维品质,在塔里木盆地棉区种植棉花一定要注重合理施用钾肥。Simulation study on the influence of dust fall on cotton nutrition properties in greenhouse was done,aiming to determine the nutritional effect of dust fall on cotton, and provide the basis for cotton rational fertilization and management in dust fall zone. The results showed that：the nitrogen content of cotton in the early bud stage to boll stage by the dust effect was higher than that without dust effect,while in the cotton boll opening stage, its nitrogen content reached the maximum by 0. 5 times the natural dustfall effect. The phosphorus content of cotton at different growth stages suffering the dust effect was higher than that not suffering the dust effect, from the early bud stage to the boll stage the cotton phosphorus content reached the maximum by 0. 5 times natural dustfall influence,and in the boll opening stage it reached the maximum under 2 times the amount of natural dustfall effect. The potassium content of cotton decreased by the dustfall effect in different growth periods. The results above indicated that dust fall affected the cotton quality,and the effect in different growth period was different. In the early bud stage, bud stage, flowering stage, and ball stage the nitrogen fertilizer application amount could be reduced correspondingly according to the nitrogen content in the dust,but in the boll opening stage,the nitrogen fertilizer application amount should be increased. Cotton P fertilization amount should be reduced appropriately according to the content of phosphorus in the dust, achieving the purpose of saving fertilizer and increasing yield. The decline of K content directly affected the quality of cotton fiber and rational application of K fertilizer must be noticed in cotton areas of the Tarim Basin.

关 键 词：降尘 棉花 氮素 磷素 钾素 

分 类 号：S562[农业科学—作物学]