小麦—玉米轮作田镰孢菌的种群结构及其致病性研究  

Community Composition and Pathogenicity of Fusarium Strains Isolated from Wheat-Maize Rotation Field

作　　者：孙静[1] 刘佳中[1] 谢淑娜[1] 王静[1] 郝俊杰[1] 

机构地区：[1]河南省农业科学院植物保护研究所/农业部华北南部作物有害生物综合治理重点实验室/河南省农作物病虫害防治重点实验室,河南郑州450002

出　　处：《河南农业科学》2015年第5期91-96,共6页Journal of Henan Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：科技部科技基础性工作专项(2013FY113200);河南省农业科学院优秀青年科技基金项目(2013YQ18);河南省农业科学院自主创新专项基金项目(2013JC23)

摘　　要：为明确小麦—玉米轮作田中镰孢菌的种群结构及致病性,采用形态结合分子鉴定的方法分别对采自河南省许昌、漯河、驻马店3块小麦—玉米轮作田的407个镰孢菌菌株进行了种的鉴定,并从中选出不同寄主来源、不同种的12个代表菌株,分别接种田间小麦和盆栽玉米。鉴定结果表明,从小麦上分离到的镰孢菌均为禾谷镰孢菌(F.graminearum,178个),而从玉米上分离到的镰孢菌则分别属于轮枝镰孢菌(F.verticillioides,123个)、F.graminearum(61个)、层出镰孢菌(F.proliferatum,45个)3个种。接种试验结果表明,3个种均能够侵染小麦麦穗和盆栽玉米苗,但F.graminearum的致病力显著强于F.verticillioides和F.proliferatum;不同寄主来源的F.graminearum菌株在致病力上差异不显著。来自小麦—玉米轮作田的F.graminearum菌株既可以侵染小麦又可以侵染玉米,这可能会造成小麦赤霉病、玉米茎腐病等病害的发生在小麦—玉米轮作模式下呈加重趋势。To make clear the community composition and pathogenicity of Fusarium strains in wheat-maize rotation fields, a total of 407 Fusarium strains were isolated and identified from three pieces of wheat-maize rotation fields in Henan province. The result showed that all the strains （178） isolated from wheat belonged to F. graminearum,while the other strains （229） isolated from maize belonged to three species, F. verticillioides （123 strains） , F. graminearum （61 strains） ,and F. proliferatum （45 strains） . Twelve representative strains were selected to evaluate the pathogenicity on wheat in the field and on pot-ted maize seedlings. The results showed that all the tested strains could infect wheat ears and maize seed-lings,but the strains belonging to F. graminearum showed significantly more virulent than those strains of F. verticillioides or F. proliferatum. F. graminearum strains isolated from different hosts showed no signifi-cant difference in pathogenicity. The cross inoculation results showed that the F. graminearum strains from wheat-maize rotation fields were able to infect both wheat and maize,and indicated that there was a possibility that wheat-maize rotation could aggravate the common diseases caused by Fusarium on wheat and maize, such as Fusarium head blight of wheat and stem rot of maize.

关 键 词：小麦—玉米轮作田 镰孢菌 禾谷镰孢菌 致病力 交叉接种 

分 类 号：S432.44[农业科学—植物病理学]