绿化植物的生活型对边坡植被物种多样性及护坡性能的影响  

Effects of rehabilitation species on slope vegetation diversity and soil and water conservation

作　　者：潘声旺[1] 胡明成[1] 罗竞红[1] 吴云霄[2] 

机构地区：[1]成都大学城乡建设学院,成都610106 [2]延安大学生命科学学院,陕西延安716000

出　　处：《生物多样性》2015年第3期341-350,共10页Biodiversity Science

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31300439)

摘　　要：为了探讨绿化植物生活型构成对边坡植被物种多样性及护坡性能的影响,揭示生活型构成–群落特征–物种多样性–生态系统功能间的内在联系,借助三物种组装实验,分别构建以草本、灌木或乔木为主体的草本型(HHXi)、灌木型(SSXi)、乔木型(AAXi)或草–灌–乔混合型(HSA)配置模式的实验小区,对实验区内边坡植被的群落特征、护坡性能进行持续4年的生态监测。结果表明:(1)边坡植被的物种丰富度与绿化植物生活型构成有关,AAXi的物种丰富度总体高于其他模式,呈AAXi>SSXi>HSA>HHXi趋势。(2)不同配置模式边坡植被的群落盖度不一样,年际间差异显著:建坪初期(2010–2011年),HHXi的群落盖度远高于其他模式,HSA次之,AAXi最低;2012–2013年间,HSA的群落盖度最高,HHXi次之,AAXi最低。(3)边坡植被的Shannon-Wiener指数、Pielou指数与绿化植物生活型构成有关,其变化规律与群落盖度类似:建坪初期,HHXi的多样性水平远高于其他模式,呈HHXi>HSA>SSXi>AAXi趋势;之后,呈HSA>HHXi>SSXi>AAXi趋势。(4)边坡植被的护坡性能与群落内的物种多样性密切相关:多样性水平越高,护坡性能越强。可见,在生态护坡过程中,绿化植物生活型构成对提高边坡植被物种多样性、改善护坡性能至关重要。The influence of rehabilitation species on slope vegetation species diversity and soil erosion and surface runoff was evaluated. A series of three-species assembly experiments were conducted on 108 plots in four different ecological modes： arbor type （AAXi）, shrub type （SSXi）, herb type （HHXi） and herb-shrub- arbor mixed type （HSA）. Surface runoff and soil erosion were surveyed during the rainy season. Results in- dicated that species richness was closely associated with rehabilitation species＇ life form. Species richness was highest in the arbor plots, followed by the shrub, and finally herb plots. The longer the period of turf-establishment the more obvious this life-form trend was. The composition of rehabilitation species in slope ecosystems significantly affected community characteristics, including cover and plant species diver- sity （i.e., Shannon-Wiener index and Pielou index） and fluctuated with the age of the vegetation in the plot. From 2010 to 2011 the variation in species diversity was as follows： HHXi 〉 HSA 〉 SSXi 〉 AAXi and from 2012 to 2013 it was： HSA 〉 HHXi 〉 SSXi 〉 AAXi. Across the study period, indices of species diversity were closely related to soil erosion and water runoff with coefficients of determination greater than 0.951. Species diversity was inversely correlated to runoff and erosion. Overall, rehabilitation species＇ life form significantly affects species diversity and soil erosion and surface runoff, thus selection of optimal rehabilitation species and community associations is necessary for slope ecosystems to improve ecosystem functioning and to control soil and water loss.

关 键 词：群落特征 物种丰富度 SHANNON-WIENER指数 Pielou指数 生态系统功能 

分 类 号：Q948[生物学—植物学]