不同稻作模式下农田生态环境效应研究  

Study on Eco-environmental Impact of Different Rice Modes

作　　者：杨海龙[1] 封志明[1] 吕耀[2] 

机构地区：[1]中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所,北京100101 [2]中国进出口银行,北京100031

出　　处：《安徽农业科学》2015年第17期258-262,293,共6页Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(40971270)

摘　　要：高投入-高产出的现代化农业模式,在带来粮食增产的同时也付出了惨重的资源、环境代价,最终走入了经济学和生态学的双重困境。在我国悠久的农业文明进程中,因地制宜地发展出很多资源高效、环境友好的农业生产方式,稻鱼复合系统即是其中的杰出代表之一。以贵州的稻田养殖农业生态系统为研究对象,通过田间观测和实验室测定获得相关数据,分析了4种不同稻作模式下病虫草害发生情况及土壤养分的变化,得到以下主要结论:1从稻种选择角度看,杂交稻抗病性优于糯稻,而抗虫、草害性不及糯稻;从稻作技术角度看,无论种植杂交稻或是糯稻,稻田养鱼均能在一定程度上减轻病、虫、草害所造成的危害。2随着现代农业技术进步与社会生活方式转变,传统稻田养殖模式发生了很大变化,由于过量化肥投入,形成了巨大的农业资源浪费与环境污染。因此,要充分发挥优秀传统农业模式的生态效益,就必须用现代农业科技对其进行合理改造。High input and high yield modem agricultural mode has brought increasing grain yield, meanwhile, it is also paid heavy resource and environmental costs. At last, it falls into the dilemma of economics and ecology. In the long agriculture civilization history of China, the farmers have developed a lot of resource-efficient, environment-friendly agricultural mode which is suitable to local conditions. The rice-fish integrated system is one of the outstanding representatives. This paper takes the rice-fish integrated system of Guizhou as research object, obtains data through field observation and laboratory test, then analyzes diseases, insect pests, weeds and the soil nutrient change of four different rice modes. The results show： From the view of rice seeds selection, disease resistance of the hybrid rice is better than that of glutinous rice, but,. the insect and weed resistance of glutinous rice is better than that of hybrid rice. From the view of agricultural technique selection, regardless of planting hybrid rice or glutinous rice, rice-fish integrated system always reduce the hazards of disease, insects and grasses to a certain extent. Second, with the progress of modem agricultural technology and social life changes, great changes have taken place in traditional rice farming mode. Due to excessive chemical fertilizer input, it not only wastes resources, but also pollutes agricultural environment. Therefore, in order to fully give play to the ecological benefits, we must carry on the reasonable reform to traditional agriculture by the modem agricultural science and technology.

关 键 词：农田环境 生态效应 传统农业 稻鱼复合系统 

分 类 号：S181.3[农业科学—农业基础科学]