美国基因技术与专利制度的互动诉求及趋势——以Myriad Genetics案的起因为视角  

Study the Interaction Demand and Trend of the Gene Technology and the U.S. Patent Regime: By analyzing the Reasons of the Case 'Association for Molecular Pathology et al. v. Myriad Genetics, Inc., et al'

作　　者：吴秀文[1] 肖冬梅[1] 

机构地区：[1]湘潭大学法学院.知识产权学院,湖南湘潭411105

出　　处：《科学学与科学技术管理》2015年第6期81-93,共13页Science of Science and Management of S.& T.

基　　金：湖南省研究生科研创新项目(CX2013B247)

摘　　要：高价值基因专利权人利益与人类生命健康权益的冲突、美国专利制度对科研豁免规定的严格条件、美国专利法对专利权客体所持的开放、包容态度,这既是Myriad Genetics案发生的根源所在,也传达了基因技术与专利制度的互动诉求。美国联邦最高法院作出的关于分离的DNA序列不具备可专利性的回应只是暂时平息基因专利争议的权宜之计,远未实现基因技术与专利制度的良性互动。通过适度放宽科研豁免条件、限缩基因类专利的客体范围,以平衡基因技术专利权人利益与人类生命健康权益,推动基因专利制度的优化趋势。The conflict between the high-value gene patents and the human life and health rights, the very strin- gent conditions of the research exemption of the US Patent Regime, the open-mind attitude on the subject matter of the U.S. Patent Regime, which is the root of Myriad Genetics case, but also revealed the interactive demand of gene technology and US Patent Regime. However, the Supreme Court of the United States held that the patent claims of the isolated DNA was invalid which can only temporarily quell the ＂Controversial＂ situation of the Patent Regime due to the gene technology, far from achieving benign interaction between gene technology and the Patent Regime. Through appropriate relaxation of the research exemption condition, limit the patentable subject matter of gene technology, in order to balance the interests of gene patentees and the people＇ human life and health rights, promote the optimization and trend of Patent Regime on gene technology.

关 键 词：万基遗传 基因技术 基因专利 科研豁免 美国专利制度 

分 类 号：G306.3[文化科学]