不同类型土壤对水稻产量及养分吸收特性的影响  

Effects of Different Soil Typeson Yield and Nutrient Absorption Characters of Rice

作　　者：王秋菊[1] 常本超[1] 孙兵[2] 高盼[3] 刘峰[3] 高中超[1] 

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业科学院土壤肥料与环境资源研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [2]黑龙江省农业科学院耕作栽培研究所,黑龙江哈尔滨150086 [3]黑龙江省农业科学院,黑龙江哈尔滨150086

出　　处：《作物杂志》2015年第3期116-121,共6页Crops

基　　金：黑龙江省博士后基金(LBH-Z13189);黑龙江省科技创新项目(CX2012Z13)

摘　　要：研究不同类型土壤对水稻产量及养分吸收的影响,对于深入了解不同土壤的供肥特点,因地制宜地挖掘水稻增产潜力具有重要参考价值。以黑龙江省5种主要种植水稻土壤为供试土壤,采用微区定位试验方法研究了不同土壤上水稻产量及其对氮、磷、钾、微量元素养分吸收的特性。结果表明,不同土壤对水稻产量的影响极显著,水稻产量在黑土、草甸土和冲积型土上较高,3年平均产量分别为6 883.9、6 689.6和6 797.3kg/hm2,在白浆土和石灰性土壤上水稻产量较低,3年平均产量分别为6 316.5和6 193.4kg/hm2;不同土壤对水稻养分吸收有影响,在黑土、草甸土、冲积土上种植的水稻氮、磷累积量高于在石灰性土和白浆土上种植的水稻,在白浆土上种植的水稻铜、铁含量极显著高于在黑土等其他类型土壤上的水稻,在黑土、草甸土和白浆土上种植的水稻锰含量高于在石灰性土和冲积土上的水稻,草甸土和白浆土上种植的水稻锌含量高于黑土和石灰性土上的水稻,在冲积型土上种植的水稻锌含量最低;水稻氮素累积量与水稻产量显著正相关(r=0.994)。By studying effects of different soil types on rice yield and nutrient uptake,for understanding the different characteristics of the soil fertilizer,and exploiting the potential yield of rice has important referencing value. This paper applied 5 kinds of main soil for the tested soil in Heilongjiang Province,studied the rice yield and nitrogen,phosphorus,potassium and trace elements nutrient absorption on different soil types by using micro positioning. There existed obvious differences on effects of rice yield in different soil types（ P 0. 01）. Black paddy soils,meadow paddy soils and sandy meadow paddy soils were conducive to higher-yielding,with 3-year average yields of 6 883. 9kg / hm^2,6 689. 6kg /hm^2 and 6 797. 3kg / hm^2,respectively. Albicpaddy soils and calcic meadow paddy soils were not conducive to high-yielding,with 3-year average yields of 6 316. 5kg / hm^2 and 6 193. 4kg / hm^2,respectively; Rice nutrient absorption was affected by different soils,and the accumulation of rice N,P,K were higher in black soils,meadow soils and sandy meadow soils than calcic meadow soils and albic soils. Cu,Fe content of rice were significantly higher in albic soils than that of black soils and other types of soil; Mn content of rice was significantly higher in black soils,meadow soils,and albic soils than that of calcic meadow soils and sandy meadow soils; Zn content of rice was higher in albic soils and meadow soils than that of black soils and calcic meadow soils,and that of sandy meadow soils was the minimum; N accumulation of rice and yield were significantly positive correlation（ r = 0. 994）.

关 键 词：土壤类型 水稻 产量 养分吸收 

分 类 号：S511[农业科学—作物学]