与物种多样性有关的长白落叶松人工林生物量  

Biomass of Larix olgensis plantations based on species diversity analyses in Heilongjiang,China

作　　者：孙玉军[1] 马炜[2] 刘艳红[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京林业大学省部共建森林培育与保护教育部重点实验室,北京100083 [2]国家林业局调查规划设计院,北京100714

出　　处：《生态学报》2015年第10期3329-3338,共10页Acta Ecologica Sinica

基　　金：林业公益性行业科研专项(200904003-1);国家自然科学基金(30940014;30571492);引进国际先进林业科学技术计划(948)(2008-4-48)

摘　　要：对不同龄组长白落叶松(Larix olgensis)人工林群落的物种多样性和生物量及二者关系研究分析。结果表明:1)随林龄增大,群落物种组成结构和多样性特征发生了很大变化。物种更迭现象明显,春榆等阔叶树重要值上升,长白落叶松优势地位逐渐下降,植被类型向针阔混交林演替。群落Sorensen相似性指数降低,Shannon-Winner多样性指数呈"S"型曲线增长,Pielou均匀度指数呈反"S"型曲线下降,Margalef丰富度指数呈单峰曲线增长趋势;2)随林龄增大,群落生物量"S"型曲线增长趋势明显,分配序列为:乔木层>木质物残体层>灌木层>草本层,占群落生物量比例分别为82.41%、15.10%、1.69%和0.81%。长白落叶松生物量占据主导地位,但所占比例持续下降,属于衰退型种群,而春榆等阔叶树比例上升。林下植被层中,草本的主导地位逐渐丧失,灌木取而代之,生物量所占比例明显升高。地表木质物残体生物量比例缓慢下降;3)群落中物种多样性测度指标与生物量之间单调线性增长的关系明显,Shannon多样性指数较之Pielou均匀度指数更适合作群落生物量度量指标,生物量与Margalef丰富度指数无明显相关性。Understanding the relationship between community diversity and biomass is important for restoring the structure of a community. Larix olgensisis an important forest type in northeastern China and plantations of Larix olgensiscover largeareas, but a strong need exists for studies comparing species diversity and productivity in this community. The relationships between diversity and productivity are difficult to measure because the complex, dynamic situations in plantations make diversity indices and the characteristics of the various layers of biomass of different age groups and community structures difficult to analyze. Our objective was to study the indicatorsof diversity and biomass as well asto study the interactions between diversity and biomass in L. olgensis plantations, at a forest farm in Yichun, Heilongjiang Province, China. We calculated community diversity by several indices such as Sorensen＇s similarity, Shannon-Wiener, Pielou evenness and Margalef richness indices. Sampling harvest and statistical estimation methods were used to analyze the biomass of three layers： arbor （L. olgensis and other trees）, understory vegetation （shrubs and herbs）, and woody debris （fine woody debris, coarse woody debris and residual woody debris piles） in ten L. olgensis forest stands. These stands included areas with different successional stages such as immature, young, mid-aged, near-mature and mature; two rectangular plots were randomly established in each stand for the collection of survey data. All survey data from these plots were collected simultaneously. Space-for-time substitution, community structure, species diversity, and biomass distribution were all analyzed independently in stands of different ages; in addition, dynamics trends of these forest characteristics were simulated with allometric regression. Our research indicated that over time, 1） species composition and biodiversity characteristics of the community changed significantly. The importance value of Ulmus pumila L. initially incre

关 键 词：长白落叶松 人工林 群落结构 物种多样性 生物量 

分 类 号：S718.5[农业科学—林学]