紫菀不同极性段提取物的药效比较  

Comparison on efficacy of different polarity section extract from Aster tataricus

作　　者：任丽花[1] 辛蕊华[1] 彭文静[1] 王贵波[1] 罗永江[1] 罗超应[1] 谢家声[1] 李锦宇[1] 郑继方[1] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业科学院兰州畜牧与兽药研究所/甘肃省新兽药工程重点实验室/甘肃省中兽药工程技术研究中心,兰州730050

出　　处：《南方农业学报》2015年第4期675-679,共5页Journal of Southern Agriculture

基　　金："十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2011BAD34B03);公益性行业科研专项项目(201303040-18);甘肃省科技支撑计划项目(1304NKCA155)

摘　　要：【目的】对比分析紫菀不同极性段提取物的镇咳、平喘及祛痰效果,为进一步研究其药效机理提供理论基础,也为其开发利用提供科学参考。【方法】分别采用浓氨水致咳法、喷雾引喘法、毛细玻管法观察紫菀不同极性段提取物对小鼠的镇咳效果、对豚鼠的平喘效果及对麻醉大鼠的祛痰效果。【结果】石油醚组(Ⅰ)、最后母液组(Ⅳ)及75%乙醇组(Ⅴ)可极显著延长小鼠咳嗽的潜伏期和减少2 min内咳嗽次数(P<0.01,下同),正丁醇组(Ⅲ)有显著的镇咳作用(P<0.05,下同);石油醚组(Ⅰ)、正丁醇组(Ⅲ)及75%乙醇组(Ⅴ)能极显著延长4%氯化乙酰胆碱引喘豚鼠的潜伏期;乙酸乙酯组(Ⅱ)、正丁醇组(Ⅲ)、最后母液组(Ⅳ)及75%乙醇组(Ⅴ)可极显著增加大鼠痰液分泌量,石油醚组(Ⅰ)和阳性对照氯化铵组有显著作用。【结论】紫菀75%乙醇提取物具有镇咳、平喘、祛痰作用,3种药效对应的主要有效极性部位分别为石油醚和最后母液部分、石油醚和正丁醇部分、正丁醇和最后母液部分。紫菀镇咳、平喘、祛痰各药效对应的有效极性部位不同,对其药效进行开发利用时应作针对性选择。[ Objective]The present experiment was conducted to compare therapeutic effect of different polarity section extracts from Aster tataricus on cough, asthma and sputum to provide theoretical basis for further research on its pharmaeodynamic mechanism and scientific reference for its development and utilization. [Methods]Three therapeutic effects of different polarity section extracts from Aster tataricus viz, the antitussive, antiasthmatic and expectorant effects on mouse with cough, guinea pig with asthma, and anesthetized rat sputum were observed by inducing with stronger ammonia water and acetylcholine chloride spray and by using glass micropipette method, respectively. [Results ]The petroleum ether （Ⅰ） group, last mother liquor （Ⅳ） group and 75% ethanol （Ⅴ） group could extremely significantly prolong the incubation period of mouse cough and decrease the cough frequency within 2 minutes （P〈0.01 ,the same below）, the n-butyl alcohol（ Ⅲ） group was found to show the antussive effect （P〈0.05 ,the same below）. The petroleum ether （Ⅰ） group, n-butyl alcohol （Ⅲ） group and and 75% ethanol （Ⅴ） group could extremely significantly prolong the incubation period of guinea pig with asthma induced by acetylcholine chloride. The ethyl acetate （Ⅱ） group, n-butyl alcohol（Ⅲ） group, last mother liquor （Ⅳ） group and 75% ethanol （Ⅴ） group could extremely significantly increase sputum volume of rat. The etroleum ether （Ⅰ） group and positive control （ammonium chloride） group were found to have significant effect on increasing sputum volume of rat. [ Conclusion ]The 75% ethanol extract of Aster tatarlcus have the antitussive, antiasthmatie and expectorant effects, the main corresponding effective polarity sections of these effects were parts of petroleum ether and last mother liquor, parts of petroleum ether and n-butyl alcohol, and parts of n-butyl alcohol and last mother liquor, respectively.

关 键 词：紫菀 极性段 提取物 镇咳 平喘 祛痰 

分 类 号：R284.1[医药卫生—中药学]