保护层分析在化工园区重大危险源事故风险分析中的应用  

Application of the Layer of Protection Analysis in the Analysis of Major Hazard Sources Accident in Chemical Industry Parks

作　　者：周宁[1] 孙权 魏钰人 毕海普[1] 张冰冰[1] 陈黎 

机构地区：[1]常州大学江苏省油气储运技术省重点实验室,江苏常州213016 [2]昆山利通天然气有限公司,江苏苏州215300

出　　处：《安全与环境工程》2015年第3期126-129,共4页Safety and Environmental Engineering

基　　金：国家"十二五"科技支撑计划课题(2011BAK03B08);国家自然科学基金项目(51204026)

摘　　要：保护层分析(LOPA)在化工工艺和装置安全措施的有效性评价方面具有独特的优势,已经在石化行业得到广泛应用。借鉴化工工艺保护层分析理论的思想,以化工园区重大危险源或企业作为分析对象,将化工园区的保护层分为6个层次,建立了化工园区保护层分析方法,并将只针对单个工艺或装置的安全措施有效性评估方法扩展为整个化工园区;运用化工园区保护层分析法对化工园区内企业或重大危险源进行事故场景风险分析,通过计算失效概率来评估保护层的风险防控能力,并针对防控能力不足的保护层采取有针对性的措施,以提高化工园区安全措施的有效性。The Layer of Protection Analysis （LOPA） has unique advantages in evaluation of chemical process and equipment safety measures, and has been widely used in the petrochemical industries. Based on the theory of the chemical LOPA,this paper takes the major hazard or enterprises as the research object,di- vides the protective layer of chemical industry parks into 6 levels and establishes a method of analysis of protection layer in chemical industry parks. The paper also extends the effectiveness evaluation method of the security measures for single process or device to the effectiveness evaluation method of the security measures for the whole chemical industry parks. Based on the theory of the chemical LOPA, the paper ana- lyzes the accident scene risk of enterprises or major hazard sources in chemical industry parks. Through the calculation of the failure probability,we could evaluate the risk prevention and control ability of protective layer and apply specific measures to the protection layers that lack control ability, and then improve the ef- fectiveness of the safety measures of chemical industry parks.

关 键 词：化工园区 重大危险源 保护层分析(LOPA) 独立保护层(IPL) 失效概率 风险分析 

分 类 号：X937[环境科学与工程—安全科学] TQ086[化学工程]