系列季铵盐型有机硅双子表面活性剂的制备及性能比较  

Synthesis and properties of series quaternary ammonium silicone gemini surfactant

作　　者：黄良仙[1] 张乐[1] 李丹杰[1] 尤龙飞[1] 李献起 安秋凤[1] 

机构地区：[1]陕西科技大学化学与化工学院,陕西西安710021 [2]唐山三友硅业有限责任公司,河北唐山063305

出　　处：《陕西科技大学学报（自然科学版）》2015年第3期73-78,共6页Journal of Shaanxi University of Science & Technology

基　　金：陕西省教育厅自然科学专项科研计划项目(09JK349)

摘　　要：无水乙醇为溶剂,α,ω-含氢硅油和烯丙基环氧基聚醚为原料,在铂催化下,经硅氢加成反应合成环氧基聚醚聚硅氧烷,再与N,N-二甲基长链烷基胺进行季铵化反应,制得系列季铵盐型有机硅双子表面活性剂(QSGS).用红外光谱(IR)对QSGS的结构进行了表征,研究了QSGS分子中长链烷基碳原子数变化对表面张力、发泡力、稳泡性、乳化力、耐硬水稳定性及其对整理织物应用性能的影响.结果表明:在质量分数相同条件下,随着长链烷基碳原子数的增加,所得QSGS的水溶液的表面张力有所增大;同时,QSGS的发泡力和稳泡性、对柴油的乳化力均会增强;但其耐硬水稳定性和被整理织物的柔软性则有所下降,然而整理后织物的白度和吸水性变化不大.A series of novel quaternary ammonium silicone gemini surfactant （QSGS）were synthesized by the quaternarization of the epoxy group polyether polysiloxane （EPEPS） with N,N-dimethyl long chain alkyl amine. EPEPS was prepared by hydrosilylation of alpha and omega hydrogen silicone with allyl epoxy groups polyether in the presence of a platinum catalyst and anhydrous ethanol as the solvent. The chemical structure of QSGS was characterized by IR. The influences of the change of carbon atoms number in QSGS molecular long chain alkyl on surface tension, foaming power, foam stability, emulsifying ability, stability in hard water and application performance of the treated fabric were investigated by experimerit. Experimental results were showed as follows. Under the same condition of the mass fraction,when the carbon atoms number in the long chain alkyl increases, the surface tension of the QSGS aqueous solution increases. Simultaneously,foaming capacity, foam stability,e mulsifying ability for diesel of QSGS aqueous solution have also increased. The stability in hard water and the softness of the cotton fiber treated by QSGS decrease gradually, but the whiteness and wettability of the cotton fiber treated by QSGS are little change.

关 键 词：季铵盐型有机硅双子表面活性剂 表面张力 发泡性能 稳定性 织物整理 

分 类 号：TQ423.4[化学工程] O627.41[理学—有机化学]