“新农合”制度对农村妇女劳动供给的影响  

The Effect of New Rural Cooperative Medical System on Rural Female Labour Supply in China

作　　者：许庆[1] 刘进[1] 

机构地区：[1]上海财经大学财经研究所

出　　处：《中国人口科学》2015年第3期99-107,128,共9页Chinese Journal of Population Science

基　　金：上海财经大学学科建设项目"新农合政策对于农村土地流转影响的实证研究"的阶段性成果

摘　　要：农村妇女往往承担着家庭照料和挣取收入(包括农业生产和非农就业)的双重角色,尤其是在当前中国农业劳动力趋向女性化发展的情况下,考察其劳动供给行为无疑具有重要的现实意义。文章利用2011和2013年"中国健康与养老追踪调查"(CHARLS)数据,讨论了新型农村合作医疗制度对农村妇女劳动供给决策的影响作用。结果发现,"新农合"乡级、县级、县外医院住院报销比例和年度住院封顶线对农村妇女的劳动供给具有显著的正向作用,这既有利于弥补男性农业劳动力外出所致的农业劳动不足,也有利于保障农业生产和粮食安全。因此,文章认为,在今后的政策安排中,需要加大农村医疗卫生投入,健全和完善"新农合"制度,提高农村妇女的健康福利及受益水平,从而达到农民增收和保障农业生产特别是粮食安全的双重政策目标。Rural women play more and more important roles in both housekeeping and income-earning,including farm and non-farm production,especially with gradual feminisation of agricultural labour in rural China.Rural women's labour supply should be studied carefully.Using China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study(CHARLS) 2011 and 2013 survey data,this paper empirically examines the effects of the New Rural Cooperative Medical System(NRCMS) on female labour supply in rural China.The results find that NRCMS' reimbursement program,including the proportion of reimbursement in town health centers,county and other hospitals and the maximum hospitalisation reimbursement,has a significandy positive effect on rural females labour supply,which would not only solve agricultural labour shortage because of men's migration to cities,but also improve agricultural production and food security.Therefore,the paper uSinks that for increasing income of rural households and developing agricultural production especially food security,some policies should be employed,such as increasing investment for rural women's health,broadening the scope of NRCMS and improving the health welfare and benefiting level of rural women.

关 键 词：新型农村合作医疗制度 劳动供给 农业生产女性化 粮食安全 

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