江苏氮磷钾化肥使用地域分异及环境风险评价  

Regional difference of NPK fertilizers application and environmental risk assessment in Jiangsu Province,China

作　　者：刘钦普[1] 

机构地区：[1]南京晓庄学院环境科学学院,南京211171

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第5期1477-1483,共7页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(41201151);江苏省生态学重点学科项目;南京市环境科学重点学科项目资助

摘　　要：深入认识江苏省氮磷钾化肥投入的空间格局及其环境风险,有利于调控江苏农田施肥合理分布、加强化肥使用风险管理和分区指导,防治农业面源污染.考虑氮磷钾3种化肥不同的环境污染效应,建立带有权重系数的化肥使用环境风险指数模型,对江苏省氮磷钾化肥使用强度的地域分异特征和环境风险进行研究.应用层次分析法,确定氮磷钾3因子的权重.根据国家生态县建设化肥使用强度小于250 kg·hm-2的标准,参照目前发达国家氮磷钾1∶0.5∶0.5的养分结构,确定氮磷钾3元素的环境安全阈值.结果表明:目前江苏氮磷钾化肥使用强度呈现出从南到北逐步增加的规律性地域分异,极值比为3.3.其中,氮肥、磷肥和钾肥的极值比分别是3.3、4.5、4.4.全省13个地市氮磷钾投入平均比例是1∶0.39∶0.26,不尽合理.苏南地区氮磷钾肥比例相对平衡,苏北地区养分结构失调严重.全省氮磷钾化肥施用环境风险指数为0.69,属于中度环境风险;苏南地区处于低度风险,苏中地区处于中度风险,苏北地区各地市处于中度、重度或严重风险.江苏省化肥施用的地域分异及环境风险受到自然、经济、体制、政策、管理等多种因素影响.It is of great importance to have a deep understanding of the spatial distribution of NPK fertilizers application and the potential threat to the ecological environment in Jiangsu Province,which is helpful for regulating the rational fertilization,strengthening the fertilizer use risk management and guidance,and preventing agricultural non-point pollution. Based on the environmental risk assessment model with consideration of different impacts of N,P,K fertilizers on environment,this paper researched the regional differentiation characteristic and environmental risk of intensity of NPK fertilizer usages in Jiangsu. Analystic hierarchy process（ AHP） was used to determine the weithts of N,P,K. The environmental safety thresholds of N,P,K were made according to the standard of 250 kg·hm-2for the construction of ecological counties sponsered by Chinese government and the proportion of 1： 0. 5： 0. 5 for N： P： K surposed by some developed countries. The results showed that the intensity of NPK fertilizer application currently presented a gradually increasing trend from south to north of Jiangsu,with the extremum ratio of 3. 3,and the extremum ratios of nitrogen fertilizer,phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer were 3. 3,4. 5 and 4. 4,respectively. The average proportion of nitrogen fertilizer,phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer of 13 cities in Jiangsu was 1： 0. 39： 0. 26. Their proportion was relatively in equilibrium in southern Jiangsu,but the nutrient structure disorder was serious in northern Jiangsu. In Jiangsu,the environmental risk index of fertilization averaged at 0. 69 and in the middle-range of environmental risk. The environmental risk index of fertilizer application in southern and central Jiangsu was respectively at the low and moderate levels,while that of cities in northern Jiangsu was at the moderate,serious or severe level. In Jiangsu,the regional difference of fertilizer application and environmental risk assessment were affected by many factors,including physical

关 键 词：化肥使用强度 氮磷钾比例 环境安全阈值 环境风险指数 

分 类 号：X82[环境科学与工程—环境工程] X71