蚯蚓对土壤微生物及生物肥力的影响研究进展  

Effects of earthworm on soil microbes and biological fertility: A review

作　　者：曹佳[1,2] 王冲[1,2] 皇彦 纪丁戈 楼屹[1,2] 

机构地区：[1]中国农业大学资源与环境学院,北京100193 [2]生物多样性和有机农业北京市重点实验室,北京100193

出　　处：《应用生态学报》2015年第5期1579-1586,共8页Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31172037);"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目(2013BAD05B03)资助

摘　　要：蚯蚓被称为"生态系统工程师",可以通过改善微生境(排粪、作穴、搅动)、提高有机物的表面积、直接取食、携带传播微生物等方式影响土壤微生物结构、组成和功能.蚯蚓活动形成的大孔隙(洞穴)、中、微空隙(排泄物)可以增加土壤孔隙度和通气性,有助于改善微生物微环境,促进其生长和繁殖.蚯蚓还通过取食、粉碎、混合等活动使复杂有机质转变为微生物可利用的形式,增加土壤微生物与有机质的接触面积,促进微生物对有机质的矿化作用,对土壤中碳、氮、磷养分循环等关键过程产生影响,最终促进土壤养分循环和周转速率,提高土壤生物肥力.Earthworms are considered as ‘ecosystem engineers’,as they affect soil microbial community and function by improving micro-habitat,increasing surface area of organic compound,feeding,and transporting microorganisms. Multi-scale cavities created through earthworm movements help improve soil porosity and aeration,thus supporting microbial growth and reproduction. Earthworms also break down complex organic compounds into microbe-accessible nutrients by means of feeding on,crushing,and mixing soil. This results in elevated mineralization and improvement of cycling of key soil nutrients including carbon,nitrogen,and phosphorus,overall enhancing the soil biological fertility.

关 键 词：生态系统工程师 土壤微生物 养分循环 土壤生物肥力 

分 类 号：S154[农业科学—土壤学] S158[农业科学—农业基础科学]