社区老年人跌倒状况及危险因素研究  

Study of community elderly falls and its risk factors

作　　者：高茂龙[1] 王静[2] 宋岳涛[1] 白旭晶[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京老年医院老年病临床与康复研究所,北京市100095 [2]北京市化工职业病防治院,100093

出　　处：《实用老年医学》2015年第5期402-404,共3页Practical Geriatrics

基　　金：首都十大疾病科技成果推广(Z141100004914005)

摘　　要：目的探讨社区老年人跌倒发生的状况及影响老年人跌倒的危险因素。方法在北京市城区随机选择6个社区>60岁的老年人进行跌倒问卷调查。结果共调查912例,其中男性占27.96%,女性占72.04%;老年人的跌倒发生率为20.5%。老年人跌倒发生在室外的占68.7%;跌倒造成老年人损伤的占49.0%,这其中15.4%有较重的损伤。有17.8%的老年人认为跌倒没什么,不需要警惕,44.6%的老年人认为跌倒需要警惕,剩下33.6%的老年人认为跌倒应及时到医院就诊;老年人跌倒发生率随着年龄的增加逐渐增高。多因素回归分析得出老年人跌倒的影响因素有医疗保险、有无保姆、尿失禁、晕厥、慢性疼痛、便秘、腹泻、听力。结论有尿失禁、晕厥、慢性疼痛、便秘、腹泻、听力障碍等跌倒危险因素的老年人需要警惕跌倒的发生。Objective To study the occurrence status and risk factors for the elderly falls in the community-dwelling. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted in six communities of urban district. Persons aged 60 years and over were selected using a stratified cluster sampling methodology and the data on falls and fall-related risk factors were collected. Results A total of 912 elderly cases were collected,male accounting for 27. 96%,female accounting for72. 04%. The rate of falls was 20. 5% in the elderly; The rate of falls in the outdoor was 68. 7%; The rate of fall-caused damage was 49%,and 15. 4% of them suffered from serious damage; 17. 8% of the elderly thought falls did not matter,and 44. 6% of the elderly thought that falls need to be alert. The remaining 33. 6% of them thought that the elderly should be promptly to go to the hospital; The rate of falls increased with age increasing in the elderly;The risk factors of falls in the elderly were insurance,nurse,syncope,urinary incontinence,constipation,chronic pain,diarrhea and listening. Conclusions It is vigilant to falls for the elderly suffering from urinary incontinence,syncope,chronic pain,constipation,diarrhea,hearing impairment.

关 键 词：老年人 跌倒 流行病学 发病率 

分 类 号：R195[医药卫生—卫生统计学]