住宅特点与生活方式对8~12岁儿童呼吸系统过敏性疾病的影响研究  

Residential characteristics and lifestyle associated with respiratory allergic diseases in children aged 8-12 years

作　　者：樊广涛 谢静超[1] 刘加平[1] 崔娜[1] 吉野博[2] 

机构地区：[1]北京工业大学建筑工程学院,北京100124 [2]日本东北大学工学研究科

出　　处：《环境与健康杂志》2015年第3期218-222,共5页Journal of Environment and Health

基　　金：日本文部省科研基金(B)(JSPS KAKENHI Grant No.24404019);国家自然科学基金(51378025)

摘　　要：目的探讨住宅特点、生活方式与8~12岁儿童呼吸系统过敏性疾病的关系。方法于2012年12月—2013年1月调查北京市朝阳区某小学154名8~12岁儿童的呼吸系统过敏性疾病患病情况、儿童所在家庭住宅特点及生活方式、父母呼吸系统过敏性疾病史等,分析儿童呼吸系统过敏性疾病或症状的影响因素。结果 41.6%的儿童曾有过敏症状,28.6%的儿童曾患过敏性疾病。多因素分析表明,饲养宠物（OR=4.172）、出生时人工喂养（OR=2.744）、窗户密闭性强（OR=2.571）及父母有鼻炎史（OR=6.604）均可能增加儿童患过敏性鼻炎的风险;儿童有过敏症状的危险因素包括住宅内有通风设备（OR=2.992）、出生时人工喂养（OR=1.790）、不常换洗儿童被褥（OR=2.081）和父母有过敏性疾病史（OR=3.109~3.427）,均有统计学意义（P〈0.05或P〈0.01）。结论住宅靠近交通主干道、面积偏小、窗户密闭性强等住宅特点及饲养宠物、不常换洗被褥、出生时人工喂养等生活方式可能增加儿童呼吸系统过敏性疾病的发生率。Objective To explore the relationship between respiratory allergic diseases and residential characteristics and lifestyle in schoolchildren aged 8-12 years in Beijing.Methods A questionnaire survey of children＇s prevalence of respiratory allergic disease,housing characteristics,occupants＇ living habits and parents＇ health status was conducted in 154 schoolchildren aged 8-12 years from Dec.2012 to Jan.2013 in Chaoyang district,Beijing,and the influential factors on children＇s respiratory allergic disease were analyzed.Results 41.6% of the children were diagnosed with at least one allergic symptom.28.6% of the children were diagnosed with at least one allergic disease before.The statistical analysis suggested that raising pets indoor（OR=4.172）,artificial feeding of infants（OR=2.744）,using high impermeability windows（OR=2.571） and parents suffering from rhinitis（OR=6.604） could increase the risk of allergic rhinitis in children.Ventilation equipment installed indoors（OR=2.992）,artificial feeding（OR=1.790）,cleaning bedding not often（OR=2.081）,parents with allergic symptoms（OR：3.109-3.427） were the risk factors for allergic symptoms in children.Conclusion Living near the traffic road,small residential area,high tightness windows,raising pets,cleaning bedding not often,artificial feeding of infants can increase the risk of respiratory allergic diseases in children.

关 键 词：住宅特点 生活方式 儿童健康 过敏性疾病 

分 类 号：R181.3[医药卫生—流行病学]