淮河入江水道上段血吸虫病潜在传播风险研究  

Study on potential risk of schistosomiasis transmission at upper section of Huai River outfall water way

作　　者：孙道宽 李倩[1] 王全锋[1] 张翠萍[1] 李书梅[1] 陈德珍[1] 

机构地区：[1]江苏省金湖县血吸虫病防治站

出　　处：《国际医学寄生虫病杂志》2015年第3期159-163,共5页International JOurnal of Medical Parasitic Diseases

基　　金：江苏省卫生计生委血地寄防应用性科研课题(x201419)~~

摘　　要：目的 了解淮河入江水道上段血吸虫病潜在流行因素和传播风险。 方法 采取查阅文献、现场勘察法了解淮河入江水道上段布局、水位变化、行洪情况。采取系统抽样结合环境抽样法对淮河入江水道上段内的5个固定点和5个可疑环境点开展钉螺监测；在金湖站采用网捞法和稻草帘诱螺法开展钉螺扩散监测。采用胶体染料试纸条法对淮河入江水道上段内的渔船民和集散地人员进行血吸虫病监测，阳性者采用Kato-Katz法（1粪3检）进行血吸虫病原学检查。采用问卷法对受检人员开展人口学特征和相关因素调查。 结果 淮河入江水道上段年均行洪4.84次93.62 d，具有“冬陆夏水”的特征。2012—2014年共调查有螺面积1 256.68 ha（1 ha =10 000 m2），查螺12 7035框，工日1 528个，打捞漂浮物1 470 kg，投放稻草帘320块，调查119条船，结果均未发现钉螺。血清学检测1 809人，胶体染料试纸条法（dipstick dye immunoassay，DDIA）检测阳性23人，阳性率为1.27%。其中，检测渔船民1 509人，阳性率为1.26%；检测施工、种植、养殖等人员300人，阳性率为1.33%，两者间差异无统计学意义（χ2＝0.01，P＞0.05）。男性阳性率1.38%，女性阳性率1.08%，两者间差异也无统计学意义（χ2＝0.28，P＞0.05）。阳性者主要集中在20-60年龄组，各年龄组间差异无统计学意义（χ2＝1.80，P＞0.05）。粪检21例，未发现血吸虫病患者。不同文化程度人群的DDIA阳性率差异无统计学意义（χ2＝2.85，P＞0.05）。1 623人有疫区工作史，占调查人数的67.61%；21人有既往病史，占调查人数的1.16%；血防知识知晓率为61.63%，渔船民的知晓率显著高于其他人群（χ2＝16.13，P＜0.01）。 结论 淮河入江水道上段（新三河）存在血吸虫病传播因素，为血吸虫病潜在流行区，需建立长期的血吸虫病监测预警体系，开展血吸虫病传播风险�Objective To understand the potential endemic factors and transmission risk of schistosomi- asis at the upper section of Huai River ouffall water way. Methods The information on the layout, variation of water level, flood discharge of the upper section of Huai River ouffall water way was collected through liter- ature review and field investigation. The Oncomelania snail surveillance on the 5 fixed points and 5 suspicious environments at the upper section of the outfall way was carried out by systematic sampling combined with environment sampling method. The snail diffusion of Jinhu Station was surveyed by salvage method and snail luring method with rice straw curtains. The fishermen, boatmen, and people at distributing center were exam- ined by the dipstick dye immunoassay （DDIA） method for schistosomiasis surveillance, and the positives were detected by Kato-katz method. The demographic characteristics and relevant factors were investigated by questionnaire survey. Results The average time and days of flood discharge of the upper section of Huai River ouffall water way were 4.84 and 93.62, respectively. From 2012 to 2014, totally 1 256.68 ha（1 ha=10 000 m^2） of snail area with 127 035 frames were surveyed, which spent 1 528 work days. A total of 1 470 kg floats was salvaged, and 119 boats were investigated, no snails were found. Totally 1 809 people were examined by DDIA, and 23 of them were positive, the positive rate was 1.27%. Among which, a total of 1 509 fishermen and boat- men were examined, the infection rate was 1.26%; a total of 300 constructors, growers and cuhurist was examined, and the infection rate was 1.33%, there were no statistical significance between the 2 rates（χ2=0.01, /9〉 0.05）. The infection rates of male and female were 1.38% and 1.08%, respectively, and there were no statisti- cal significance between them （χ2=0.28, P〉0.05）. Most of the positives were in the 20-60 age group, and the difference of the positive rates among all the age groups had no statistical signif

关 键 词：血吸虫病 钉螺 传播风险 淮河入江水道 

分 类 号：R532.21[医药卫生—内科学]