实施2剂水痘疫苗免疫程序对控制学校、托幼机构水痘暴发的效果评价  

Effect evaluation of a 2 dose varicella vaccine immunization strategy implemented to control outbreaks in school and kindergarten settings

作　　者：索罗丹[1] 李娟[1] 赵丹[1] 杨帆[1] 刘维祥[1] 吴疆[1] 庞星火[1] 邓瑛[1] 卢莉[1] 

机构地区：[1]北京市疾病预防控制中心免疫预防所,100013

出　　处：《中华预防医学杂志》2015年第6期485-489,共5页Chinese Journal of Preventive Medicine

摘　　要：目的评价北京市实施接种2剂次水痘疫苗后对控制学校和托幼机构水痘暴发疫情的效果。方法收集2007-2013年期间，北京市全部16个区（县）按矧E京市水痘技术管理规范》中规定的学校和托幼机构水痘暴发疫情的流行病学资料，利用北京市免疫规划信息管理系统调查实施2剂水痘疫苗免疫程序后适龄儿童第1剂和第2剂水痘疫苗的接种情况，对比分析实施2剂疫苗免疫程序调整前期（2007-2011年）和调整后期（2013年）不同时间阶段的水痘暴发疫情数量、累及病例数量以及分布特征的变化。结果2007—2011年出生队列儿童第1剂次疫苗累计接种率为89．6％（812859／907579），2006-2009年出生队列儿童第2剂次疫苗累计接种率为44．3％（289764／647732）。程序调整前期平均每年发生水痘暴发疫情74（95％CI：60～89）起，累及病例964（95％CI：812～1116）例。调整后期的暴发疫情数（35起）下降了52．7％，累及病例数（371例）下降了61．5％，疫情持续天数中位数从调整前期的22d缩短至18d；10～24例病例的暴发疫情数量（12起）较调整前期（34起）下降64．7％，≥25例病例的暴发疫情数量从调整前期的7起下降为2起。结论北京市实施接种第2剂水痘疫苗对控制学校和托幼机构水痘暴发疫情效果较好。Objective To evaluate the effect of outbreaks control in school settings after a 2 dose varicella vaccine immunization strategy implemented in Beijing. Methods Epidemiological data of varicella outbreaks in school and kindergarten settings, which were reported by all 16 districts （county） during 2007-2013 according to the technical management norms of Beijing, was collected. The first dose and second dose varicella vaccine coverage rate of eligible children after the 2 dose varicella vaccine immunization strategy implementation were estimated through BJIIMS. Based on above we analyzed the changes of outbreak quantity, case quantity and the distribution characteristics between the pre-adjustment era （2007-2011 years） and late adjustment era （2013） of the 2 dose immunization strategy. Results In pre-adjnstment era （2007-2011 years）, an average of 74 （95%CI： 60-89） outbreaks was reported and 964 （95%CI： 812-1 116） cases were involved per year. In late adjustment era （2013）： Outbreaks （35） declined 52.7%, involved cases （371） declined 61.5%; Outbreaks epidemic duration shortened from 22 days of pre-adjustment era to 18 days; Outbreaks involved 10-24 cases declined 64.7% （from 34 to 12）; Outbreaks involved≥25 cases declined 71.4% （from 7 to 2）; Outbreaks of different school type as well as different regions without exception declined dramatically. Cumulative one-dose vaccine coverage in children of 2-6 yr of age was 89.6% （812 859/907 579）, and cumulative second-dose vaccine coverage in children of 4-7 yr of age was 44.3% （289 764/647 732）. Conclusion Implementation of a 2 dose varicella vaccine immunization strategy effectively controlled outbreaks in school and kindergarten settings.

关 键 词：水痘 疫苗 暴发 学校 

分 类 号：R186[医药卫生—流行病学]